​5086 aluminum alloy is mainly used in ships, automobiles and aircraft plate weldable parts, etc.
Chinese name 5086 aluminum alloy[TJC STEEL] standard: GB/T 4437.1-2000 Aluminum Al: residual silicon Si: ≤0.40 copper Cu: ≤0.10
 
Overview of 5086 Aluminium Alloy
Aluminum-magnesium alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy are collectively referred to as anti-rust aluminum, because the alloy [TJC STEEL]composition between them can increase their anti-corrosion properties. The representative of aluminum-manganese alloy is 3003,3004,3105. According to the magnesium alloy content, the order is 5005, 5252, 5251, 5050, 5052, 5754, 5083, 5056, 5086 and so on. 5086 aluminum plate typical use: for the need to have high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength occasions, such as the need for strict fire pressure vessels, refrigeration devices, TV towers, installation of exploration equipment, transportation equipment, missile parts, armor, etc.
5086 aluminum plate supply status: O, H112,[TJC STEEL] H116, H111, H321, H32, H36, H38
 
Chemical Composition for 5086 Aluminium Alloy
Silicon :0.00 to 0.40
Iron Fe: 0.000 ~ 0.500
Copper Cu:0.00 to 0.10
Magnesium Mg: 3.5 ~ 4.5
Zinc-zn: ≤0.25
Manganese Mn: 0.20 ~ 0.7
Ti: ≤0.15
Chromium Cr: 0.05 ~ 0.25[TJC STEEL]
Note: Single :≤0.05; Total :≤0.15
 
Mechanical Property of 5086 Aluminium Alloy
Tensile strength σb (MPa) : ≥240
Conditional yield strength σ0.2 (MPa) : ≥95
Elongation δ10 (%) : ≥10
Elongation δ5 (%) : ≥12
Note: longitudinal mechanical properties of pipe at room temperature
Sample size: all wall thickness[TJC STEEL]
State: Aluminum and aluminum alloy hot extrusion seamless round tube (H112 state)
 

5083 Aluminum Plate is a kind of high magnesium alloy.[TJC STEEL] It has good strength, corrosion resistance and machinability among non-heat treatment alloys.
 
5083 Aluminum Plate’s Features:
 
① The surface of 5083 aluminum plate is beautiful [TJC STEEL]after anodizing treatment. Good arc welding performance. The main alloying element in 5083 alloy is magnesium, which has good corrosion resistance and weldable properties, as well as moderate strength. Excellent corrosion resistance makes 5083 alloy widely used in Marine applications such as ships, as well as automobile, aircraft welding parts, subway light rail, strict fire pressure vessels (such as liquid tank cars, refrigerated trucks, refrigerated containers), [TJC STEEL]refrigeration units, TV towers, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, missile parts, armor, etc.
②5083 belongs to Al-Mg alloy, which is widely used, especially in the construction industry, it is the most promising alloy. Good corrosion resistance, excellent weldability, good cold workability, and moderate strength. The main alloy element of 5083[TJC STEEL] is magnesium, which has good formability, corrosion resistance, weldability and medium strength. It is used in the manufacture of aircraft fuel tanks, oil pipes, traffic vehicles, ships, sheet metal parts, instruments, street lamp brackets and rivets, hardware products, electrical shell and so on. (3) AL-Mg alloy, is the most widely used kind of antirust aluminum, this alloy has high strength, especially fatigue strength: high plasticity and corrosion resistance, can not be strengthened by heat treatment, in the semi-cold hardening plasticity is good, cold hardening plasticity is low, good corrosion resistance, good weldability, bad machinability, polishing. The utility is mainly used for requiring high plasticity and good weldability, low load[TJC STEEL] parts working in liquid or gas medium, such as oil tank, gasoline or lubricating oil conduit, various liquid containers and other small load parts made with deep drawing: wire used to do rivets.
 
Chemical Composition for 5083 Aluminum Plate:
Aluminum Al: allowance
Silicon Si: ≤0.40
Copper Cu: ≤0.10
Magnesium Mg: 4.0 ~ 4.9
Zinc-zn: ≤0.25
Manganese Mn: 0.40 ~ 1.0
Ti: ≤0.15
Chromium Cr: 0.05 ~ 0.25
Iron Fe: 0.000 ~ 0.400[TJC STEEL]
Note: Single :≤0.05; Total :≤0.15
Density: 2.71g/cm3
 
Mechanical Properties for 5083 High Magnesium Aluminum Alloy:
Conditional yield strength σ0.2 (MPa) : ≥110
Elongation δ10 (%) : ≥20
Elongation δ5 (%) : ≥12[TJC STEEL]
Note: longitudinal mechanical properties of pipe at room temperature
 

​C61400 Alloy is kind of aluminium bronze with ‘0%’ nickel content, which is with main properties such as mid-strength, good ductility and high performance in corrosion resistance when in salt water. Which makes C61400 aluminum bronze [TJC STEEL]be popular in the environment of marine and relevant fields such as corrosion resistant vessels, condenser tubes, mechanical parts and Marine composite plates,etc.
 
Relevant Standards for C61400,CuAl8Fe3 Aluminum[TJC STEEL] Bronze:ASTM B150M-2003，B169M-2005，B608-2002.
 
Chemical Composition for C61400 Aluminum Bronze Alloy(%):
 
铜+银 Cu+Ag：88.0~92.5
铅 Pb：≤0.01
铁 Fe：1.5~3.5
锌 Zn：≤0.20
铝 Al：6.0~8.0
锰 Mn：≤1.0
磷 P：≤0.015
[TJC STEEL]

UNS C97600 Alloy is also named as Nickel Silvers,Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloys/ Nickel Silvers, whose content of copper is not less than 63%. The most [TJC STEEL]popular applications for UNS C97600 is marine castings, protective device fittings, pump casings, etc.
 
Standard for C97600 Nickel Silver Bronze:ASTM B584-2006.
 
Chemical Composition [TJC STEEL]for C97600 Nickel Silver Bronze(%):
 
Cu(铜)63.0-66.0
Sn(锡)3.5-4.5
Pb(铅)3.5-5.0
Zn(锌)3.0-9.0
Fe(铁)1.0
Sb(锑)0.25
Ni(镍)+Co(钴)19.5-21.0
S(硫)0.08
P(磷)0.05
Al(铝)0.005
Mn(锰)1.0
Si(硅)0.05
[TJC STEEL]

​ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe rare earth wear-resisting, heat-resisting and corrosion-resistant alloy is made of iron vanadium (FeV), iron niobium (FeNb) and copper (Cu) on the basis of the original precious materials FeCr, FeMn, FeMo, Ni, Re and FeSi. The material not only has high abrasion resistance of alloy casting, but also has high mechanical strength and impact resistance At the same time, improve the solderability of the material. In addition, after adding FeV,FeNb and Cu, the metallogrTJC STEELaphic structure of the material changes again, the grain is finer, the strength is higher, the plasticity is stronger, and the metal matrix is further passivated, so that the wear resistance of the original material has been improved. The CN content of Ni and Cr elements in the alloy directly determines the temperature resistance of the material. The content of Cr and Cu elements determines the corrosion resistance of the material. The reasonable collocation of these elements makes the new rare earth wear-resistant alloy material have several properties at the same time, and can adapt to the use of various harsh working conditions. ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe through a period of medium transport after the inner wall of the pipeline smooth as a mirror, greatly reduce the runningTJC STEEL resistance of the pipeline, improve the service life of the pipeline, further improve the wear resistance of the material.
 
ZG40CrNiMnMoSiRe Wear Resistant Steel Alloy Composition: Cr26%, Ni0.3%, Mo0.2%, Mn1.2%, Si0.8%, C2%.
 
The casting of ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe alloy tube has no defects, such as pores, slag inclusion, loose organization, large deformation,TJC STEEL etc., and the alloy tube has insufficient wear, heat and corrosion resistance, which can not meet the use of harsh working conditions. In particular, the wear of the alloy tube by abrasive particles is the most serious form of wear in all kinds of wear. Its essence is the result of hard abrasive particles cutting or chiseling on the metal surface. The abrasive particles penetrate the metal surface and produce plastic deformation and wear marks until the metal surface is worn, which greatly reduces the service life of the alloy tube.
 
ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe cast steel (including alloy steel) is widely used in the field of anti-wear, and its manufacturing process is relatively simple. However, due to the limitations of the properties of the material itself and the limitations of the process, the surface hardness of the cast steelTJC STEEL material (about 60) is much lower than that of the ceramic (more than 80), and the wear-resisting performance of ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe is only equivalent to one tenth or lower of the ceramic. (Please refer to the wear test report of Powder Metallurgy Institute of Central South University and the jet wear test results of Kyushu Institute of Industrial Ceramics in Japan for specific data). Some of the elbows made by it were worn out after more than one year of operation. In addition, cast steel pipeline thickness is large, very heavy, and high carbon content, poor weldability, on-site heat treatment of welding TJC STEELseams, to the site installation and maintenance brings considerable difficulties.

GGG40 is one kind of nodular cast iron named in Din standard.
 
The Chemical Composition of GGG40:
C:3.6-4%,Si:2.5-3%,Mn:0.35-0.45%,P:0.06%MAX,S:0.02%MAX,Cr:0.08%MAX,Mo:0.2%MAX,Cu:0.5%MAX,Mg:0.04-0.06%.
 
Nodular cast iron is a kind of high strength cast iron material developed in the 1950s. Its comprehensive performance is TJC STEELclose to that of steel. Based on its excellent performance, it has been successfully used to cast some parts with complex forces and high requirements for strength, toughness and wear resistance. Nodular cast iron has been rapidly developed into a very widely used cast iron material, second only to gray cast iron. The so-called "iron instead of steel", mainly refers to ductile iron.
 
Nodular cast iron is through spheroidization and inoculation treatment to get spherical graphite, effectively improve the mechanicalTJC STEEL properties of cast iron, especially improve the plasticity and toughness, so as to get higher strength than carbon steel.
 
In addition to iron, the chemical composition of nodular cast iron is usually 3.0 ~ 4.0% carbon content, 1.8 ~ 3.2% silicon TJC STEELcontent, the total amount of manganese, phosphorus, sulfur is not more than 3.0% and an appropriate amount of rare earth, magnesium and other spheroidal elements.
 
Other grades/ materials in GGG series cast irons: TJC STEELGG20, GG25, GGG40, GGG40.3, GGG45, GGG50, GGG60 Cast Iron.

​1. 15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 Introduction:
 
15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 steel plate[TJC STEEL] belongs to European pressure vessel steel plate
 
2, 15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 Implementation standard :EN10028
 
3. Delivery status of [TJC STEEL]15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 steel plate
 
15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 steel normalizing (N) tempering (T) tempering (QT).
 
4. Application:
 
15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 Used in the manufacture of reactors, heat exchangers, separators, spherical tanks, oil and gas tanks,[TJC STEEL] liquefied gas tanks, nuclear reactor pressure shells, liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, water turbine volute and so on.
 
5. Chemical Composition:
Minimum- Maximum
Al 0.015% ~
 
C 0% 0.17%
 
Cr 0% 0.30%
 
Cu 0.5% 0.8%
 
Mn 0.8% 1.2%
 
Mo 0.25% 0.5%
 
N 0% 0.02%[TJC STEEL]
 
Nb 0.015% 0.045%
 
Ni 1% 1.3%
 
P 0% 0.03%
 
S 0% 0.025%
 
Si 0.25% 0.5%

Chromium zirconium bronze one, has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high hardness, wear resistance and explosion resistance, crack resistance and high softening temperature, welding electrode loss is less, welding [TJC STEEL]speed is fast, the total welding cost is low, suitable for welding welding machine electrode related pipe fittings, but the electroplating workpiece performance is general.
 
Chromium-zirconium copper is a kind of wear-resistant copper, especially good hardness, excellent conductivity and good tempering resistance, good upright, thin sheet is not easy to bend, is a good material processing electrode. Density 8.95g/cm3 conductivity 43MS/m softening temperature 550℃, generally used for making working [TJC STEEL]temperature below 350℃ welding machine electrode. Motor rectifiers and other kinds of high temperature operation \ require high strength. Hardness. Electrical conductivity and conductive parts, and may also be used in bimetallic form for brake discs and discs.
 
Its main brands are; CuCrlZr, ASTM C18150 C18200 c18500
 
Application: This product is widely used in automobile, motorcycle, barrel (tank) and other machinery manufacturing industry welding, conductive [TJC STEEL]nozzle, switch contact, mold block, welding machine auxiliary devices for various materials.
 
Chemical Composition:
 
Al: 0.1-0.25,
Mg: 0.1-0.25,
Cr: 0.65,
Zr:0.65,
Fe:0.05,
Si: 0.05,
P: 0.01,
Total Impurities: 0.2
 
Physical Indicators:[TJC STEEL]
 
Hardness: >75HRB,
Conductivity: >75%IACS,
Softening temperature: 550℃
The tensile strength is (δb/MPa) : 540-640
 
Quality requirements:
1. Eddy current conductance meter is used for conductivity [TJC STEEL]measurement, and the average value of three points is ≥44MS/M
2. The hardness is based on Rockwell hardness standard, and the average value of three points is ≥78HRB
3. Softening temperature experiment: after the furnace temperature is kept at 550℃ for two hours, the hardness of quenched water[TJC STEEL] can not be reduced by more than 15% compared with the original hardness after cooling

​JIS SUS 446 stainless is equivalent with Chinese grade of high chromium ferritic stainless steel 2Cr25N (16Cr25N), American standard is named AISI/ASTM 446-1, [TJC STEEL]UNS S44600, German standard EN/DIN 1.4749, X18CrN28, etc.
 
AISI 446’s Main Chemical Components are(%):
C 0.20, Si 1.00, Mn 1.50, S 0.030, P 0.040, Cr 23.0-27.0, Cu 0.30, N 0.25.
 
AISI 446/2Cr25N is one kind of high chromium ferritic stainless steel, with high Cr content, better oxidation resistance than Cr13 and Cr18 types of ferritic stainless steel, especially suitable for use under the condition of temperature fluctuation. [TJC STEEL]It can make all kinds of heat-resistant components under load conditions of more than 950. Because of the ferrite arrangement of this type of steel, martensite arrangement is not obtained during quenching. Due to about 600 ℃ adjacent slow cooling, it is to separate after alpha brittle, so, when annealing o from 78 ~ 880 ℃ air cooling is necessary due to the high temperature oxidation resistance good, so, using the heat-resistant parts under 1100 ℃ (plate), and the characteristics of high sulfur gas corrosion resistance function, used in the heating box, [TJC STEEL]nozzle, family use oil heater combustion chamber and other parts.
 
AISI 446/SUS 446/2Cr25N, TP446-1 stainless steel seamless tube process route: non-vacuum smelting - round ingot - ingot peeling - forging[TJC STEEL] tube billet - air cooling - equipment extrusion billet - extrusion - water quenching - annealing - inspection - straightening - pickling - storage conditions:
 
Yield Strength σ0.2 (MPa) : ≥275
 
Elongation δ5 (%) : ≥20
 
Section Shrinkage ψ (%) : ≥40
 
Hardness: 201 hb or less
 
 
Heat Treatment Specification and Metallographic Organization of AISI 446/ SUS 446/ UNS S44600:
Heat treatment specification: [TJC STEEL]anneal 780 ~ 880℃ quick cooling;
Metallographic structure: The structure is characterized by ferritic shape.
 
 
The Delivery Status of AISI 446/ SUS 446/ UNS S44600 Stainless:
Delivery shall be in the standard state of heat treatment, and the type of heat treatment shall be indicated in the contract; If not specified, [TJC STEEL]the goods shall be delivered without heat treatment.

34Cr4 alloy steel is mainly used in manufacture of mechanical parts under medium load and medium speed work after quenched [TJC STEEL]and tempered treatment.
 
34Cr4 Alloy Steel’s Standard: EN 10083/1991;
Chinese Equivalent Grade with 34Cr4 Alloy Steel: 35Cr;
Japanese Equivalent Grade with 34Cr4 Alloy Steel:SCr435;
American Equivalent Grade with 34Cr4 Alloy Steel: 5135;
British Equivalent Grade with [TJC STEEL]34Cr4 Alloy Steel: 530A36;
French Equivalent Grade with 34Cr4 Alloy Steel: 38C4;
 
Chemical Composition for 34Cr4 Alloy Steel(%):
C: 0.30 ~ 0.37 Si: ≤0.40
Manganese: 0.60 ~ 0.90
Sulfur S: allowable residual[TJC STEEL] content ≤0.035
Phosphorus P: allowable residual content ≤0.035
Chromium Cr: 0.90 ~ 1.20
Nickel Ni: allowable residual content ≤0.25
Copper Cu: allowable residual content ≤0.030
 
Mechanical Properties of 34Cr4 Alloy Steel:
Tensile strength σ B (MPa) : ≥930(95)
Yield strength σs (MPa) : ≥735(75)
Elongation δ5 (%) : ≥11
Section shrinkage ψ (%) : ≥45
Impact power Akv (J) : ≥47
Impact toughness [TJC STEEL]value α kV (J/cm2) : ≥59(6)
Hardness: 207 hb or less
(Sample size: Sample blank size is 25mm)
 
34Cr4 Alloy Steel’s Heat treatment Specification and Metallographic Structure:
Heat treatment specification: [TJC STEEL] quenched at 860℃, oil cooled; Temper 500℃, water cooled, oil cooled.
Delivery condition: Heat treatment (normalizing, annealing or high temperature tempering) or no heat treatment, delivery condition [TJC STEEL]shall be indicated in the contract.
 
 
 

ASTM B150 C63000 bronze has high strength good wear resistance [TJC STEEL]for high strength screws, nuts, copper sleeves, sealing rings, and wear resistant parts, the most prominent feature is its good wear resistance.
 
Name:
C63000 aluminum bronze
 
Application:
Manufacture supports, gears, bushing, etc
 
Types:
 C63000 aluminum bronze rod, copper tube
 
International Brand ---- --[TJC STEEL]
 
Ingredient:
Aluminum 6.0-8.0%, Surplus copper.
 
Standards:
 GB/T4423-1992; GB/T1528-1997; ASTM B150
 
Production Process:
melting → ingot casting → extrusion → stretching
 
Addition Introduction for C63000 Bronze:
Outside diameter of production[TJC STEEL] range ￠5-300mm; Length according to guest requirement.
The aluminum bronze bar has good cutting and grinding performance, can be welded, easy to hot work forming. Aluminum bronze rod alloy is mainly used to manufacture bracket, gear, shaft sleeve, bushing, nozzle, flange, rocker arm, guide valve, pump rod, CAM, fixed nut and other high strength and wear-resistant structural parts.
Aluminum bronze generally contains less[TJC STEEL] than 11.5% aluminum, and sometimes appropriate amounts of iron, nickel, manganese and other elements are added to further improve the performance. Aluminum bronze can be strengthened by heat treatment, its strength is higher than tin bronze, and its resistance to high temperature oxidation is better.
Aluminum bronze containing iron and manganese elements has high strength and wear resistance, hardness can be improved [TJC STEEL]after quenching and tempering, high temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance in atmosphere, fresh water and sea water corrosion resistance is very good, machinability is fair, welding is not easy to fiber welding, hot state under pressure processing is good.

​Because of high strength stainless steel’s excellent matching and corrosion resistance, strong toughness in aerospace, it is widely usded in the field of national economy and people's livelihood application like marine engineering ,energy equipment manufacturing, such as the plane of the main bearing components, fasteners, [TJC STEEL]satellite gyroscope, ship shell, offshore oil platform, automobile industry, nuclear industry, gear and bearing manufacturing, etc.,  It is the preferred material for lightweight design, energy saving and emission reduction of future equipment components.  As one of the important candidate materials for load-bearing and corrosion-resistant structural parts, how to combine ultra-high strength and toughness with excellent service safety is the key development direction of this kind of steel in the future.  
 
Development History:  
Carnegie Illionois developed the first generation of martensitic precipitation-hardened stainless steel in 1946 to meet the needs of high performance corrosion resistant structural steels for aerospace and Marine engineering.  On the basis of Stainless W steel alloy system, Cu and Nb elements were added and Al and Ti elements were removed.  American Arm‐ CO Steel Company developed 17-4pH steel in 1948 [4]. Due to its good strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, it is widely used in manufacturing fasteners and engine parts besides landing gear components of F-15 aircraft, but its cold deformation ability is poor.  In order to reduce the high temperature δ -ferrite which is unfavorable[TJC STEEL] to the transverse mechanical properties, a 15-5pH steel [5-7] was developed by reducing the content of Cr and increasing the content of Ni. This steel overcomes the disadvantage of 17-4pH steel in transverse plasticity and toughness, and has been used in the manufacturing of ship and civil aircraft bearing parts.  In the early 1960s, Inco invented martensitic aging steel and introduced the concept of martensitic aging strengthening for the development of high strength stainless steel, thus opening the curtain of the development of martensitic aging stainless steel.  In 1961, the American company first developed the maraging stainless steel Custom450 containing Mo.  Later, Pyromet X-15 and Pyromet X-12 were developed in 1967 and 1973 respectively.  During this period, the United States has also developed AM363, In736, PH13-8MO, Unimar CR, etc.  Martin et al. [8,9] obtained the invention patents of Custom465 and Custom475 steel in 1997 and 2003 respectively, and applied them in civil aviation aircraft.  British developed FV448, 520, 520(B), 520(S) and other high strength stainless steel brands.  Germany developed the Ultrafort401 and 402 in 1967 and 1971.  In addition to copying and improving American steel grades, the Former Soviet Union independently researched a series of new steel grades.  In 2002, QuesTek undertook the pollution prevention project of THE STRATEGIC Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense. Through the Material Genome Project, QuesTek designed and developed Ferrium®S53, a new type of ultra-high strength stainless steel for aircraft landing gear [10], and published [TJC STEEL]the AMS5922 aerospace standard at the end of 2008.  Ferrium®S53 has A strength of about 1,930mpa and fracture toughness (KIC) of 55 MPa·m1/2 or more. It has been added into the MMPDS trunk Material Manual of the United States in 2017, and has been successfully applied to THE A-10 fighter aircraft and T-38 aircraft of the United States. It is the preferred material for the landing gear of the next generation of carrier-based aircraft.  
China began to develop high strength stainless steel in the 1970s.  In 2002, CIRON and Steel Research Institute designed and developed a new type of ultra-high strength and toughness stainless steel material, which is the ultra-high strength stainless steel USS122G of Cr-Ni-Co-Mo alloy system independently developed by China with independent intellectual property rights. Its strength is more than 1900 MPa and KIC is more than 90 MPa·m1/2 [12].  At present, the material has broken through the key technology related to the preparation of bar with a diameter of 300 mm, and has a wide application prospect in the field of Aerospace equipment manufacturing in China.  
 
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ultra High Strength Stainless Steel: 
According to the failure investigation report of Aircraft parts in The United States, stress corrosion cracking is one of the main forms of [TJC STEEL]sudden failure accidents occurred in the service of key load-bearing parts of aircraft, and most landing gear is finally broken due to stress corrosion or fatigue crack propagation [61].  At present, stress corrosion occurs not only in aviation, aerospace, energy, chemical and other high-tech industries, but also in almost all commonly used corrosion resistant steel and metal.  Therefore, it is of great scientific value and practical significance to analyze the stress corrosion cracking mechanism of ultra-high strength steel and the factors affecting the stress corrosion of ultra-high strength steel.  
The corrosion resistance of materials becomes an important factor to limit the stress corrosion cracking of high strength steel, and pitting corrosion is the most common and harmful form of corrosion.  Most stress corrosion cracking [TJC STEEL]originated from pitting pits. In the process of aging treatment, the microstructure of ultra-high strength stainless steel is not uniform due to the precipitated phase from supersaturated martensite matrix, which is the main source of pitting corrosion of ultra-high strength stainless steel.  The passivation film near the precipitated phase is weak, and the invasion of Cl- leads to the destruction of the passivation film, and the formation of microbatteries between the precipitated phase and the matrix, so that the matrix is dissolved, the precipitated phase spares off, and pitting corrosion is formed.  For example, cr-rich carbides M23C6 and M6C and intermetallic compounds Laves phase equal σ are prone to form cr-poor zone around, resulting in pitting phenomenon.  Luo et al. [62] and Yu Qiang [63] studied the effect of aging time on the microstructure and electrochemical behavior of 15-5pH ultra-high strength stainless steel by using THREE-DIMENSIONAL atomic probe chromatography. Cu-rich clusters and (Cu,Nb) nanoparticles were observed when aging time was 1-240 min.  After long-term aging treatment, the sample surface is more susceptible to Cl- erosion.  After aging for 240 min, The Cr content around the [TJC STEEL]precipitates also decreased, and Cr poor zone was easily formed in these parts.  The decrease of Cr/Fe ratio in passivated film leads to the decline of pitting resistance of passivated film.  In addition, the continuous precipitation of Cr-rich carbides at grain boundaries reduces the intergranular corrosion resistance of steel.  For example, the study [64] found that AISI 316Ti stainless steel has higher intergranular corrosion resistance than AISI 321 stainless steel, because the precipitation of Ti C reduces the formation of Cr-rich carbides, which is one of the precipitates leading to intergranular corrosion.  
As the most important ductile phase in high strength stainless steel, the content, morphology, size and stability of austenite also affect the stress corrosion sensitivity of steel.  Under the condition of the same size, morphology and stability, the stress corrosion cracking threshold value (KISCC) increases with the increase of austenite content, and the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity of steel decreases.  The reason is that the thin-film austenite structure formed on the martensitic slat boundary improves the toughness of steel and reduces the hydrogen-induced crack growth rate. There are two main reasons for the decrease of crack growth rate. One is:  When the crack expands from martensitic matrix to thin-film austenite, either it continues to expand into the austenite or changes the direction of propagation to bypass the austenite structure, it will consume more energy, resulting in the decrease of crack growth rate and the increase of stress corrosion resistance sensitivity.  Second: as I mentioned earlier, H in austenitic organization have higher solid solubility, low [TJC STEEL]partial tendency, and the rate of diffusion of H in austenite is far smaller than in the martensite structure, is beneficial in high strength stainless steel hydrogen trap, results in the decrease of hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the crack front, the crack propagation rate reduce, improve the stress corrosion sensitivity.  It should be noted that the stability of austenite is also a key parameter determining the stress corrosion sensitivity of steel. After the stress or strain-induced martensitic transformation, the fresh martensite transformed from austenite can not only suppress the crack propagation, but also improve the sensitivity of steel hydrogen embrittance as a new source of hydrogen diffusion.  
In conclusion, the strength and toughness, stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of steel are affected by the complex multistage and multiphase structure, and the design and preparation of ultra-high strength stainless steel with excellent service performance by traditional trial and error method is difficult, long cycle and high cost.  Compared with the trial-and-error method, the rational design method, such as establishing a series of multi-scale analysis models of strength and toughness, stress corrosion properties and hydrogen brittleness, will be more purposeful.  The results of simulation analysis can be used to establish the design standard of high strength stainless steel, optimize the morphology, size and content of precipitated phase, martensite and austenite structure in steel, and further combine the multi-scale simulation with the actual material development process, which will greatly reduce the difficulty of material development, reduce the cost and shorten the development cycle.  
 
Ultra High Strength Stainless’ Future Development:
As a metal structure material with excellent strength, toughness and service safety, high strength stainless steel has a broad application prospect in aviation, aerospace, Marine engineering and nuclear industry.  In view of the harsh [TJC STEEL]application environment of this kind of steel, the exploration of a new generation of high-strength stainless steel should not only focus on breaking the bottleneck of matching ultra-high strength and excellent plasticity and toughness, but also take into account the excellent service safety.  In the process of alloy design and heat treatment process formulation, the traditional trial-and-error method is gradually transferred to thermal/dynamic assisted alloy design, artificial intelligence mechanical learning and other rational design methods, in order to greatly improve the research and development cycle of new high-strength corrosion resistant alloy and save the research and development cost.  The mechanism of strengthening and toughening in high strength stainless steel is still to be further studied, especially the understanding of the precipitation behavior of the second phase and the superposition of the strengthening contribution value.  The effect of austenite content, size, morphology and stability on the toughness[TJC STEEL] of high strength stainless steel has been studied extensively, but no effective mathematical model has been established to quantitatively estimate the contribution of austenite content, size, morphology and stability to the toughness of high strength stainless steel.  
In addition, it is urgent to solve the stress corrosion fracture mechanism and hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of ultra-high [TJC STEEL]strength stainless steel under complex strengthening system, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the durability design of ultra-high strength stainless steel.  

High nitrogen steel is one kind of stainless steel whose nitrogen content exceeds the limit nitrogen content that can be achieved in steel under conventional conditions.  According to the different amount of nitrogen added, the following classification is roughly made, that is, the steel with nitrogen content >1% is ultra-high [TJC STEEL]nitrogen, the steel with nitrogen content 0.3 ~ 0.5% is high nitrogen, and the steel with nitrogen content below this range is nitrogen.  The effect of nitrogen in stainless steel is mainly reflected in three aspects: the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of stainless steel.  The results show that nitrogen is a very strong element that forms and stabilizes austenite and enlarges the austenite phase region. It can replace part of nickel in stainless steel, reduce the ferrite content in steel, make austenite more stable, prevent the precipitation of harmful intermetallic phases, and even avoid the occurrence of martensite transformation under cold working conditions.  
 
Used to think that nitrogen in steel will be brittle and must be processed to remove elements as, but during the period of 1910 ~ 1930 in nitrogen in steel can improve the strength of the research, and use it to improve the toughness, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance, such as performance, found that the addition of[TJC STEEL] nitrogen quantity the more the more the performance improving trend, so as to carry out the related research of the amount of the expanded to join.  
 
The biggest reason for interest in nitrogen is that it can substitute nickel.  In the 1930s and 1940s, in order to save nickel from wartime supplies in Japan, nitrogen as a substitute for nickel to form austenite phase was paid [TJC STEEL]attention to.  However, until now, how to improve the properties of steel by nitrogen solution and its mechanism are still unknown, which need to be solved urgently.  
 
Mechanical Properties of High Nitrogen Content Stainless Steel:   
 
With the increase of nitrogen element in stainless steel, the hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and fatigue resistance of stainless steel have been significantly improved.  The introduction of nitrogen can effectively improve the strength of stainless steel and stabilize the austenite phase, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.  Especially the introduction of nitrogen can significantly improve the yield strength and tensile strength of alloy materials.  
 
Local Area Corrosion Resistance:
 
There is no doubt that the introduction of nitrogen greatly improves the corrosion resistance of the material.  This can be clearly [TJC STEEL]seen from The calculation formula of The Pitting resistance Equivalent number:  
 
Formula 1: PREN=%Cr+3.3%Mo+16%N  
 
According to the above formula, the pitting corrosion equivalent of stainless steel is mainly determined by the nitrogen content in stainless steel.  Its calculation factor reaches 16.  Nitrogen content also significantly[TJC STEEL] changed PREN values.  This is just a calculation formula for the PREN value of nitrogenous stainless steel materials. In the high nitrogen stainless steel materials composed of different formulas, the calculation factor of nitrogen element even reaches more than 25.  

​321H stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, especially in oxidizing medium has good corrosion resistance. Because of its good heat resistance and oxidation resistance, it is more used as a heat resistant steel. Comparing with 321 Stainless steel, [TJC STEEL]321H has higher Carbon content and similar properties with 321 Stainless. 
 
A. 321H Corresponding Brand:  
1, GB GB-T standard: digital brand number: S32169, new brand number: 07Cr19Ni11Ti, old brand number: 1Cr18Ni11Ti;  
2, American standard: ASTM standard: [TJC STEEL]S32109, UNS standard: 321H;  
3, JIS standard: SUS321HTB;  
4, DIN standard: 1.4940,1.4541;  
5, European standard EN standard: "X8CrNiTI18-10, X7CrNiTI18-10;  
6, NF standard: /;  
7, British BS standard: 321S20.  
 
B. 321H Stainless Steel Chemical Composition:  
⑴ carbon C: 0.04~0.10⑵ silicon Si: ≤0.75, [TJC STEEL]⑶ manganese Mn: ≤2.00, ⑷ phosphorus P: ≤0.030, ⑸ sulfur S: ≤0.030,[TJC STEEL] ⑹ chromium Cr: 17.00 ~ 20.00, ⑺ nickel Ni: 9.00 ~ 13.00, other elements: Ti≥4C~0.60.  
 
C. 321H Stainless Steel Physical Properties:  
Density Density (20℃) /kg/dm3:"8.03,, magnetism: none.  
 
D. 321H Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties:  
(1) Delivery status: solid solution treatment of bar, solid solution pickling of plate;  
⑵ Tensile strength (RM/MPa) 520;  
⑶ Elongation strength[TJC STEEL] (Rp0.2/MPa) : 205;  
⑷ Elongation A/% : 40;  
⑸ Area shrinkage (Z/%) : 50.  
 
E. 321H Stainless Steel Heat Treatment:  
1. Hardness HBW≤ : solution 187, hardness HRB≤ : 90;  
2. Heating temperature: 920~1150;  
3. Heating method: fast cooling.  
 
321H Stainless Steel’s Application:
321H Stainless Steel is [TJC STEEL]widely used for boiler superheater, heat exchanger, condenser, catalytic tube, cracking tube device and other steel tubes and fittings.  

GS-25CrNiMo4 alloy is one kind of special Cr-Ni-Mo Alloy which is suitable used under the environment with temperature up to 300℃[TJC STEEL].
 
Chemical Composition for GS-25CrNiMo4 Alloy:
 
C(％):0.22-0.29
Si(％):0.30-0.60
Mn(％):0.60-1.00
P(％):Max 0.025
S(％):Max 0.025
Cr(％):0.80-1.20
Ni(％):0.80-1.20 [TJC STEEL]
Mo(％):0.20-0.30
 
Mechanical Property for GS-25CrNiMo4 Alloy:
 
Proof Strength Rp0.2(MPa):350-400
Tensile Strength Rm(MPa):650-850
Impact Energy KV(J):24
Elongation at Fracture A(%):21
Reduction in Cross [TJC STEEL]section on Fracture Z(%):43
As-Heat-Treated Conditions:Solution and Aging,Annealing,Ausaging,Q+T,etc
Brinell Hardness(HBW):442
 
For Moe Infos about GS-25CrNiMo4, pls feel free to contact us.
 
 
 

I. Introduction of 12Ni14 Nickel Alloy Plate  
12Ni14 is a boiler pressure vessel steel plate, using the European standard brand, 12Ni14 is a nickel alloy steel plate used in pressure equipment, [TJC STEEL]the common brand of European standard container plate are: HII/P265GH P275NH P275NL P355GH P355NH P355NH P355NL1 P460NH 16Mo3, etc  

2. The Implementation Standard of 12Ni14 Steel Plate: EN10028-4(Hot Rolled Type), EN10222-2( Forged Type)  

3. Delivery Status of 12Ni14 Steel Plate:  
The steel plate is usually delivered by normalizing, [TJC STEEL]normalizing and tempering, quenching and tempering 

4. Chemical Composition of 12Ni14(%):
C: ≤0.15
Si: ≤0.35
Mn: 0.30-0.80[TJC STEEL]
P: ≤0.020
S: ≤0.005
Ni: 3.25-3.75
V: ≤0.05

5.Mechanical Property of 12Ni14 Alloy:
[GRADE] [DELIVERY STATUS] [THICKNESS
/MM] [YIELD STRENGTH
/MPa] [TENSILE STRENGTH/MPa] [ELONGATION/% MIN.]
[EN10028-4 12Ni14
/ EN10222-3 12Ni14] [N/N+T/Q+T] [≤30] [≥355] [490-640] [22]
[30-50] [≥345]
[50-80] [≥335]


6. Main Applications of 12Ni14 Alloy:
12Ni14 is one kind of nickel [TJC STEEL]alloy materials for pressure equipment especially under low temperature, mainly used in building of pressure equipment, boiler, pressure vessel, LNG tanks, etc.

316Ti stainless steel plate is named 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti in international standard, and Chinese brand name is 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti stainless [TJC STEEL]steel plate, 316Ti stainless steel plate is added Ti element in SUS316 to improve the resistance to intergranular corrosion. 316Ti stainless steel is used for equipment to resist sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and acetic acid.  
 
Physical Properties of 316Ti Stainless Steel:  
 
A.Chemical Composition(%):  
C: 0.08 or less  
Si 1.00 or less  
Mn 2.00 or less  
P 0.035 or less  
S 0.030 or less  
Ni 10.00 ~ 14.00 [TJC STEEL] 
Cr 16.00 ~ 19.00  
Mo 1.80 ~ 2.50  
Ti acuity 0.2 ~ 0.70  
GB/T1220-1992 has this provision, usually also called Mo2Ti or 316Ti  
 
B.Mechanical Properties:  
YS (Mpa) ≥205  
TS (Mpa) ≥520  
EL (%) ≥40  
Hv around 200 °  
Thickness: cold-tied 2B plate (0.09 -- 6.0mm);  
Hot rolled industrial plate No.1(3-50mm) [TJC STEEL]medium thick plate, chemical plate, high temperature plate;  
Width: 5mm-- 850mm steel belt;  
1000, 1219, 1250, 1500, 1800, 2000mm coil plate, plate  
Surface: 2B smooth surface, No.1 industrial surface, BA (6K) mirror, 8K mirror, 9K mirror, drawing surface, frosted surface.  
Origin: Domestic, imported (Sweden,[TJC STEEL] Japan, Finland, South Korea, South Africa, Taiwan)  
 
Key Properties of 316Ti Stainless:  
These attributes refer to products in similar, but not identical, attributes that are specified in other products, such as plates and forgings in their respective specifications.  The lower minimum pre - and post-heat[TJC STEEL] temperatures reduce the incidence of weld cracking and simplify welding.  Low hardness decreases the heat affected zone to minimize deterioration in mold performance.  

Introduction for 15NiMn6 Alloy Steel Plate:   
1.15NiMn6 Is a nickel alloy steel plate for [TJC STEEL]pressure applications. Standard: EN10028-4(Hot Rolled Type) or EN10222-3（Forged Type）.  
 
2.15NiMn6 Dimensions, Shape, Weight and Allowable Deviation   
The size, shape and allowable deviation of[TJC STEEL] the steel plate shall meet the requirements of 2007+ A1:2009 in EN10028-1.  
 
3.15NiMn6 Delivery Status   
3.1 15NiMn6 Steel Plates are normally delivered in normalizing, normalizing and tempering condition.   
3.2 Steel plates shall be delivered by [TJC STEEL]shearing or flame cutting   
4. Chemical Composition of 15NiMn6  
The chemical composition of nimN6 steel (melting analysis) shall meet the following requirements (%) :  
 
Chemical Composition Required for 15NiMN6 (%):  
C 0.18 or less;  Si 0.35 or less;  [TJC STEEL]Mn: 0.8-1.5;  P 0.025 or less;  S 0.015 or less;  Al:-;   Ni: 1.30-1.70;  V 0.05 or less.   
Elements not listed in this table shall not be intentionally added to steel without the consent of the demander, except after smelting, and all appropriate measures shall be taken during the steelmaking process to prevent the addition of [TJC STEEL]these elements from scrap and other materials which may adversely affect the mechanical properties and serviceability of the steel.  Among them: Cr + Cu + Mo 0.5 or less  
 
5.1 15NiMn6 Mechanical Performance:   
The mechanical and process properties of [TJC STEEL]NIMN6 shall comply with the following table:  
 
15NiMn6 mechanical requirements (transverse)   
Grade    Thickness    Yield strength (MPa)    Tensile strength (MPa)    Elongation A(%)  
 
15NiMn6   ≤30         ≥355                 490-640               ≥22  
 
15NiMn6   30-50        ≥345                 490-640               ≥22  
 
15NiMn6   50-80        ≥335                 490-640               ≥22  

​S355NL Steel Plate belongs to standard of EN10025-3. Full Name: Normalizing/Normalizing rolled weldable fine grain structure steel plates. This standard together with EN10025-1 replaces EN 10113-1:1993 hot rolled steel products with weldable [TJC STEEL]fine grain structure -- Part 1: General Conditions and EN 10113-2:  Hot-rolled weldable fine grain structural steel products - Part 2: Conditions for normalizing/normalizing rolled steel.  When the temperature is not less than -20°C, the minimum impact energy is specified, denoted by N. When the temperature is not less than -50°C, the minimum impact energy is specified, denoted by NL.  
 
Name of Steels:
S: for structural steel, N: state, capital L: [TJC STEEL]specifies the level of minimum impact energy at a temperature not lower than -50°C.  
 
Property Performance  
Strength: Tensile strength: RM630-450mpa.  Yield strength: 355-275mpa, elongation after fracture 21-22%.  
 
National Standards Corresponding [TJC STEEL]to S355NL:  
GB: Q345E  
JIS: SEV245  
ASTM: Type 3 Grade 50  
 
The Typical Application of S355NL Steel Plate:
Construction machinery, mining [TJC STEEL]machinery, metallurgy, environmental protection, water conservancy and hydropower structural parts.  
 

The Relevant Family Steel Grades of P355NH:  
P275NH, P275NL1, P275NL2, P355N, P355NH, P355NL1, [TJC STEEL]P355NL2, P460NH, P460NL1, P460NL2.  
 
Steel Grade Levels:  
Room Temperature Quality Class: P355N  
High Temperature Quality Grade: P355NH  
Low Temperature Quality Grade: P355NL1, P460NL1  
Special Low Temperature Quality Grade: [TJC STEEL]P355NL2, P460NL2  
 
Tensile Properties  
P355N, P355NH, P355NL1, P355NL2 thickness 8-260mm  
Tensile strength RM630-450mpa, yield strength: 355-295mpa, elongation after fracture 21-22%  
 
Evaluation of Hydrogen Induced Crack Resistance  
The evaluation test for hydrogen cracking resistance of steel plate products shall be carried out according to EN10229, and A test solution[TJC STEEL] (PH 3) or B test solution (PH 5) and corresponding acceptance criteria can be selected.  
 
HIC Test Acceptance Grade:  
Acceptance grade: Grade I, Grade II, grade III  
CLR% crack length ratio, CTR% crack [TJC STEEL]thickness ratio, CSR% crack sensitivity ratio.  
 
Application Countries:  
P355NH is used in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, [TJC STEEL]Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom.  

1. Carbon (C) : the yield point and tensile strength of steel increase with the increase of carbon content, but the plasticity and impact are reduced, when the carbon content is over  
When the welding performance of steel is over 0.23%, [TJC STEEL]the carbon content of low alloy structural steel used for welding is generally not more than 0.20%.  
High carbon content will reduce the atmospheric corrosion resistance of steel, in the open yard of high carbon steel is easy to rust;  In addition, carbon can increase Cold brittleness and aging sensitivity of steel.  
 
2. Silicon (Si) : in the process of steel making, [TJC STEEL]add silicon as a reducing agent and deoxidizer, so the killed steel contains 0.15-0.30% silicon.  
If the silicon content in the steel exceeds 0.50-0.60%, silicon is considered an alloying element.  Silicon can significantly improve the elastic limit, yield point and Tensile strength, so widely used as spring steel.  Adding 1.0-1.2% silicon to quenched and tempered structural steel can increase the [TJC STEEL]strength by 15-20%.  
The combination of silicon and molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, etc., has the effect of improving corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and can make heat-resistant steel.  Low silicon content of 1-4% Carbon steel, with high permeability, used for making silicon steel sheet in electrical industry.  The increase of silicon will reduce the welding performance of steel.  
 
3. Manganese (Mn) : in the process of steel making, manganese is a good deoxidizer and desulfurizer, general steel contains [TJC STEEL]manganese 0.30-0.50%.  in When carbon steel is added more than 0.70%, even if "manganese steel", more than the general amount of steel not only has enough toughness, and has a higher  
Strength and hardness, improve the quenchability of steel, improve the hot working performance of steel, such as 16Mn steel is 40% higher than A3 yield point.  11%-14% manganese steel with extremely high wear resistance, used for excavator bucket, [TJC STEEL]ball mill liner, etc.  The increase of manganese content weakens the corrosion resistance of steel and reduces the welding performance.  
 
4. Phosphorus (P) : in general, phosphorus is a harmful element in steel, increase the cold brittleness of steel, so that the welding performance deteriorates, reduce Plastic, so that the cold bending performance deteriorates.  Therefore, phosphorus content in steel is usually less than 0.045%, and high quality steel is required to be lower.  
 
5. Sulfur (S) : Sulfur is also a harmful element in general.  Make steel produce hot brittleness, reduce the ductility and toughness of steel, in Cracks are caused by forging and rolling.  Sulfur is also detrimental to welding performance, reducing corrosion resistance.  So sulfur content is usually less than 0.055%, high quality steel requirements [TJC STEEL]less than 0.040%.  Adding 0.08-0.20% sulfur to steel can improve machinability Often called free cutting steel.  
 
6. Chromium (Cr) : in structural and tool steels, chromium can significantly improve strength, hardness and wear resistance, but at the same time reduce plasticity and Toughness.  Chromium also improves the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of steel, so it is an important alloying element in stainless steel and heat-resistant steel.  
 
7. Nickel (Ni) : nickel can improve the strength of steel, while maintaining good plasticity and toughness.  Nickel has high corrosion resistance[TJC STEEL] to acid and base Strength, rust resistance and heat resistance at high temperature.  However, as nickel is a scarce resource, other alloying elements should be used as far as possible Nickel chrome steel.  
 
8. Molybdenum (Mo) : Molybdenum can refine the grain of steel, improve hardenability and thermal strength performance, and maintain sufficient strength and resistance at high temperature Creep ability (long-term under high temperature stress, deformation, called creep).  The mechanical properties of structural steel can[TJC STEEL] be improved by adding molybdenum.  It can also inhibit the brittleness of alloy steel due to fire.  Redness can be improved in tool steel.  
 
9. Titanium (Ti) : titanium is a strong deoxidizer of steel.  It can make the inner structure of steel compact, refine grain force;  Reduced age sensitivity And cold brittleness.  Improve welding performance.  Intergranular corrosion of [TJC STEEL]cr 18 ni 9 austenitic stainless steel can be avoided by adding appropriate ti.  
 
10. Vanadium (V) : vanadium is an excellent deoxidizer of steel.  Adding 0.5% vanadium to steel can refine grain structure and improve strength and toughness.  vanadium  
The carbides formed with carbon can improve the resistance to hydrogen corrosion at high temperature and pressure.  
 
11. Tungsten (W) : tungsten melting point is high, significant, is expensive alloy elements.  Tungsten forms tungsten carbide with carbon[TJC STEEL] and has high hardness and resistance Grinding.  The addition of tungsten to tool steel can significantly improve the red hardness and thermal strength, used as cutting tools and forging dies.  
 
12. Niobium (Nb) : Niobium can refine grain and reduce steel overheating sensitivity and temper brittleness, improve strength, but the plasticity and toughness The decline.  Adding niobium to ordinary low alloy steel can improve the corrosion resistance of atmospheric and high temperature hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia.  [TJC STEEL]Niobium can Improve welding performance.  Intergranular corrosion can be prevented by adding niobium into austenitic stainless steel.  
 
13. Cobalt (Co) : Cobalt is a rare precious metal, mostly used in special steels and alloys, such as hot steel and magnetic materials.  
 
14. Copper (Cu) : Wisco with daye ore smelting steel, often contain copper.  Copper improves strength and toughness, especially for atmospheric[TJC STEEL] corrosion The corrosion performance.  The disadvantage is that it is easy to produce hot brittleness during hot working, and the plastic content of copper exceeds 0.5% is significantly reduced.  When copper content is less than 0.50% has no effect on weldability.  
 
15. Aluminum (Al) : aluminum is commonly used in steel deoxidizer.  Adding a small amount of aluminum to steel can refine grain size and improve impact toughness, such as 08Al steel for deep drawing sheet.  Aluminum also has oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, aluminum combined with chromium, silicon, can significantly improve steel High temperature performance and high temperature corrosion resistance.  The shortcoming of aluminum is affecting the hot working property, welding property and cutting property of steel Machining performance.  
 
16. Boron (B) : adding trace boron to steel can improve the density and hot rolling properties of steel, improve the strength.  
 
17. Nitrogen (N): nitrogen can improve the strength of steel, low temperature toughness and weldability, increase the aging sensitivity.  Formation of bubbles and porosity.  
 
18. Rare Earth (Xt) : Rare earth elements refer to the 15 lanthanide elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers from 57 to 71.  Actually these elements are metals, but their oxides are so earth-like that they are commonly called rare earths.  Adding rare earths to steel can change the steel- The composition, morphology, distribution and properties of inclusions improve various properties of steel, such as toughness, weldability, cold workability can add rare earth into ploughshare steel can improve wear resistance.  
 

SUS630 is one kind of martensitic precipitate hardened stainless steel, Chinese brand 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb.  With high strength, high hardness, good welding performance and corrosion resistance.  It has been widely used in valve, shaft and chemical fiber[TJC STEEL] industry and high strength parts with certain corrosion resistance requirements. SUS630 is named in JIS standard, and in Chinese standard it is named 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb, in ASTM this material is named S17400 and in EN standard it is named X5CrNiCuNb16-4.    
 
Features for SUS630 Stainless:  
Precipitate hardened section steel with added copper.  Used for manufacturing shaft and steam turbine parts.  
Precipitated-hardened martensitic stainless steel composed of copper, niobium/columbium has low carbon content, better corrosion resistance and weldability than ordinary Martensitic stainless steel, similar to 18-8 stainless steel,[TJC STEEL] simple heat treatment process, good machinability, but difficult to meet cryogenic processing.  
Metallographic structure: the structure features are precipitate hardening type.  
 
Application for SUS630 Stainless:  
SUS630 Stainless is mainly used for manufacturing parts with high corrosion resistance and high strength, such as bearings and [TJC STEEL]steam turbine parts, offshore platforms, helicopter decks, other platforms food industry pulp and paper industry Aerospace (turbine blades) machinery parts nuclear waste drums, etc.  
 
 
Chemical Composition for SUS630 Stainless(%):  
Carbon C: 0.07 or less  
Si Si: 1.00 or less  
Manganese Mn: 1.00 or less  
S: sulfur 0.030 or less  
P P: 0.035 or less  
Chromium Cr: 15.50 ~ 17.50  
Nickel Ni: [TJC STEEL]3.00 ~ 5.00  
Cu: 3.00 ~ 5.00 Niobium Nb: 0.15 ~ 0.45  
 
Delivery Condition for SUS630 Stainless:  
Generally, the goods are delivered in the condition of heat treatment, and the type of heat treatment is indicated [TJC STEEL]in the contract.  If it is not indicated, the goods will be delivered without heat treatment.  
SUS630 alloy is precipitated, quenched, martensitic stainless steel, and this grade has properties such as high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.  After heat treatment, the mechanical properties of the product are more perfect, and the compressive strength can reach up to 1100-1300 mpa [TJC STEEL](160-190 kSi).  This grade is not intended for use above 300℃ (570F) or very low temperatures. It has good corrosion resistance to atmospheric and diluted acids or salts, as is the case with 304 and 430.  
 
Mechanical Properties: 
Tensile strength σ B (MPa) : aged at 480℃,≥1310;  550 ℃ ageing, p 1060;  580 ℃ ageing, p 1000;  620 ℃ ageing, p. 930  
Condition yield strength σ0.2 (MPa) : aged at 480℃,≥1180;  550 ℃ ageing, p 1000;  580 ℃ ageing, p 865;  [TJC STEEL]620 ℃ ageing, p. 725  
Elongation δ5 (%) : aged at 480℃,≥10;  550 ℃ ageing, 12 or higher;  580 ℃ ageing, 13 or higher;  620 ℃ ageing, 16 or higher  
ψ (%) : aging at 480℃,≥40;  550 ℃ ageing, 45 or higher;  580 ℃ ageing, 45 or higher;  620 ℃ ageing, 50 or more  
Hardness: solution,≤363HB and ≤38HRC;  Aged at 480℃,≥375HB and ≥40HRC;  Aged at 550℃,≥331HB and ≥35HRC;  [TJC STEEL]Aged at 580℃,≥302HB and ≥31HRC;  Aging at 620℃,≥277HB and ≥28HRC  
 
Heat Treatment Specification:  
1) Fast cooling at 1020 ~ 1060℃ for solution;  
2) Aged at 480℃, air cooled at 470 ~ 490℃ after solution treatment;  
3) Aged at 550℃, [TJC STEEL]air cooled at 540-560 ℃ after solution treatment;  
4) Aged at 580℃, air cooled at 570 ~ 590℃ after solution treatment;  
5) Aging at 620℃, after solution treatment, air cooling at 610 ~ 630℃.  Metallographic structure: the structure features are precipitate hardening type.  
 
 

​5083 belongs to Al-Mg alloy, which is widely used and especially in the construction industry. It is the most promising alloy. 5083 Aluminum Alloy has good corrosion resistance, good weldability, good cold processing and moderate [TJC STEEL]strength. The main alloy element of 5083 is magnesium, which makes this kind alloy be with good forming performance, corrosion resistance, weldability and medium strength. It is used for manufacturing aircraft fuel tank, oil pipe, as well as sheet metal parts of transportation vehicles and ships, instruments, street lamp supports and rivets, hardware products, electrical shell and so on.  
 
Introduction of 5083 Aluminum Alloy:  
5083 Al-Mg alloy, is one of the most widely used antirust aluminum, this alloy has high strength, especially with fatigue strength: high plasticity and corrosion resistance, can not be heat treatment strengthening, in the semi-cold hardening plasticity is good, cold hardening plasticity is low, good corrosion resistance, good weldability, poor machinability, polishing.  It is mainly used for low load parts which require high plasticity and good weldability in liquid or gas medium, such as fuel tank, gasoline or lubricating oil [TJC STEEL]conduit, various liquid containers and other small load parts made by deep drawing: wire is used for rivets.  
 
Applications:  
5083 aluminum alloy plate is often used in ships, ships, vehicle materials, automobile and aircraft plate welding parts, pressure vessels that need strict fire protection, refrigeration devices, TV towers, drilling equipment, [TJC STEEL]transportation equipment, missile components, armor, etc.  
 
Chemical Composition(%):  
Aluminum Al: allowance  
Si Si: 0.4 or less  
Copper Cu: 0.1 or less  
Magnesium Mg: 4.0-4.9  
Zinc and zinc: 0.25  
Manganese Mn: 0.40-1.0  
Ti Ti: 0.15 or less  
Chromium Cr: 0.05-0.25  
Iron Fe: 0.4  [TJC STEEL]
Individual: 0.05  
Total: 0.15  
 
Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminum Alloy:  
Tensile strength σ B (MPa) : 110-136  
Elongation δ10 (%) : ≥20  
Annealing temperature: 415℃.  
Yield strength σ S (MPa) ≥110  
Sample blank dimensions all wall thicknesses  
Picture of 5083 aluminum plate  
Picture of 5083 aluminum plate  
Elongation δ5 (%) ≥12  
 
Technical Standards:  
National standard of aluminum plate and belt (GB/T 3880-2006), applicable to the unified standard of aluminum alloy plate and belt materials.  
 
Representation Method:  
1) The brand of processed products  
Aluminum [TJC STEEL]Association of America (AA) on the deformation of aluminum and aluminum alloy brand expression method, namely four numbers code expression method, as early as 1957 was accepted as the United States national standard (ANSIH35.1), the main aluminum production enterprises in the United States have gradually adopted this brand expression method, later, the United States military standard (MIL),  American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), American Society of Materials and Testing (ASTM) have been adopted, but also in other countries.  In 1970, based on the four-digit code of AA standard, the international four-digit system of deformed aluminum and aluminum alloy was produced, referred to as IDS.  As a result, the deformed aluminum and aluminum alloy parts of AA standard have become international standards.  1) The first digit of the AA standard four-digit code indicates grouping by major alloy elements. The group is divided as follows:  
1XXX pure [TJC STEEL]aluminum (aluminum content not less than 99.00%),  
2XXX Al-Cu alloy;  
3XXX Al-Mn alloy;  
4XXX Al-Si alloy;  
5XXX Al-Mg alloy;  
6XXX Al-Mg-Si alloy;  
7XXX Al-Zn alloy;  
8XXX aluminum and other alloys;  
2) The second digit of the four-digit code, indicating the modification, or the control of impurities and combined elements,  
3) The last two digits of a four-digit code (i.e. the third and fourth digits) have the following meanings:  
For group 1XXX, the last two digits represent the two digits after the decimal point of the lowest percentage of pure[TJC STEEL] aluminum (99.00%), for example: grade 1085, ψ AL9985%.  
For groups 2XXX-8XXX, the last two digits have no specific meaning and are used only as serial numbers to identify different aluminum alloys in the same group.  

1100 is industrial pure aluminum, aluminum content (mass fraction) is 99.00%, can not be heat treatment hardening.  With high corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, its density is small, good plasticity, through[TJC STEEL] pressure processing can produce a variety of aluminum, but low strength.  Other process properties are basically the same as 1050A.  1100 is usually used for good forming performance, high corrosion resistance, does not need high strength, such as food and chemical handling and storage equipment, sheet metal products, hollow metal spinning processing with drawing goods, welding combination keys, reflectors, nameplates, etc.  
 
1100 aluminum plate belt belongs to pure aluminum plate series, its strength is relatively low, has excellent ductility, formability, weldability and corrosion resistance;  After anodic oxidation, the corrosion resistance can be further improved [TJC STEEL]and the beautiful surface can be obtained.  But cannot heat treatment strengthen.  
 
Pure aluminum plate series according to the last two Arabic numbers to determine the minimum aluminum content of this series, such as 1100 series last two Arabic numbers for 00, according to the international brand naming principle, the aluminum content must reach more than 99.00% for qualified products.  China's aluminum [TJC STEEL]alloy technical standard (GB/T3880-2012) also clearly stipulates that 1100 aluminum content reaches 99.0%.  
 
Applications of 1100 Aluminum:  
1100 aluminum strip is generally used in utensils, radiators, bottle caps, printing plates, building materials, heat exchanger components, [TJC STEEL]but also can be used as deep stamping products.  It is widely used in various fields from cooking utensils to industrial equipment.  
 
Chemical Composition:
Al: 99.00 Si: 0.45 Cu: 0.05 ~ 0.20 Mg: -- Zinc Zn: 0.01  
Manganese Mn: 0.035 Titanium Ti: -- Vanadium V: 0.05 Fe: 0.35  
Note: Single :0.05.  
 
Mechanical Properties: 
Tensile strength σ B (MPa) : 110 ~ 136.  
Elongation δ10 (%) : 3 ~ 5.  
 
The Technical Standards:
National standard of aluminum plate and belt (GB/T 3880-2012), applicable to the unified standard of aluminum alloy plate [TJC STEEL]and belt materials.  
 
Alternative Names for 1100 Aluminum:  
1100 (L6-1) -- International Standard: Al99.0(ISO);  Japan: Al100/Al00 (JIS);  European Standard: EN AW 1100 (EN)  [TJC STEEL]France: A45;  Canada 990C (CSA);  USA: 1100 (AA). 

​EQ70 is a kind of high strength steel plate for offshore platform. The commonly used brands are EQ70 and [TJC STEEL]EQ70-Z35.  
 
Technical Conditions:
 
1. Chemical Composition (Melting Analysis, %)  
Chemical composition (melting analysis, %) shall conform to the following table.  Ni, Mo, Nb, V, Zr, Cu, B should be reported.  
For EQ70-Z35, S is not greater than 0.005%.  [TJC STEEL]
TABLE 1
C Si Mn P S N
≤0.18 ≤0.55 ≤1.60 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.020

2. Size, Shape, Weight and Allowable Deviation, Surface Quality Should Comply with ASTM A6/A6M.  
 
3. Delivery State of EQ70 Marine Steel: Quenching + Tempering.  
 
4. Mechanical Properties of EQ70 Marine Steel:
Mechanical properties should [TJC STEEL]conform to the following table.  Eq70-z35 should also comply with the provisions of GB/T5313.  
Yield Strength N/mm2 Tensile Strength N/mm2 Elongation
% -40℃，AKV，J
≥690 770～940 ≥14 纵向 ≥69
横向 ≥46

5. Ultrasonic Inspection:
The steel plate is tested by ultrasonic method according to ASTM A578/A578M, and the qualified grade is C.  
 
6. Inspection Rules, Inspection Items and Test Methods  
Should comply with [TJC STEEL]certification sampling related notice.  
 
7. Mark and Quality Certificate  
Should comply with ABS Classification Society regulations.  
 
8. Relevant Steel Grades with EQ70 Steel:  
Marine engineering steel NVE690 is EQ70 grade steel of American standard.  After testing, the performance indexes of the steel can meet the requirements of users.  This steel grade is the first Marine steel successfully [TJC STEEL]developed by Wugang, marking a new breakthrough in the research and development of Marine steel.  
Marine platforms (including oil production platforms and drilling platforms) are subject to the erosion and destruction of natural forces such as waves, submarine earthquakes and low temperature, so the technical specifications of steel are very high, and the technical standards of steel used in key parts such [TJC STEEL]as rack and pile leg are more demanding.  In order to realize the localization of steel for offshore platform, Wugang began to develop 140mm thick tempered and tempered high strength steel A514GrQ in 2008, which took 10 months to achieve success.  At the same time of mass production of 140mm thick A514GrQ, Wugang quickly put into the research and development of the steel with greater thickness.  In 5 months, we have developed A514GrQ of 150mm, 180mm, 215mm and other thickness specifications, and successfully passed the CERTIFICATION of [TJC STEEL]ABS Classification Society.  This means that China's offshore platform with high strength steel series all thick plate, wugang all can produce independently.