​C-276 alloy is the first forged nickel-based alloy used to alleviate welding problems. It is currently one of the most corrosion resistant alloys in the world, with a wide [TJC STEEL]range of corrosion resistance in a variety of highly corrosive media and a density of 8.89g/cm³.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 15007-2008 NS3304（NS334）
AMERICA ASTM B574-2006 Alloy N10276
GERMANY DIN 17744:2002 NiMo16Cr15W
2.4819
JAPAN JIS H4551-2000[TJC STEEL] NW0276

Chemical Composition:
Grade NS3304 N10276 2.4819 NW0276
C ≤0.020 ≤0.010 ≤0.010 ≤0.010
Si ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.08
Mn ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00
P ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.020
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.015
Cr 14.5~16.5 14.5~16.5 14.5~16.5 14.5~16.5
Ni rest rem. rest Other
Mo 15.0~17.0 15.0~17.0 15.0~17.0 15.0~17.0
Fe 4.0~7.0 4.0~7.0 4.0~7.0 4.0~7.0
W 3.0~4.5 3.0~4.5[TJC STEEL] 3.0~4.5 3.0~4.5
Co ≤2.50 ≤2.50 ≤2.50 ≤2.50
V ≤0.35 ≤0.35 ≤0.35 ≤0.35
Cu -- -- -- ≤0.50

Grades:
AMERICA Haynes International HASTELLOY® C-276
Special Metals INCONEL® Alloy C-276
GERMANY VDM Metals[TJC STEEL] VDM® Alloy C-276
Nicrofer 5716 hMoW
JAPAN NIPPON YAKIN NAS NW276
SWEDEN SANDVIK Sanicro 56Mo

Material Characteristics:
① High chromium molybdenum content, can withstand oxidation and non-oxidation acid, and has excellent resistance to pitting and crack erosion in the presence of chloride and other halides.For example, in many harsh corrosive environments, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, hypochlorite, [TJC STEEL]wet chlorine, etc., it has good corrosion resistance to uniform corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, pitting and crevice corrosion;Strong resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in acidic oilfield environment.
② Low carbon content can reduce the carbide precipitation during welding, so as to ensure the intergranular corrosion resistance in the heat-affected zone of welded joints.

Applications:
Because of its excellent overall corrosion resistance, C276 is generally considered to be a versatile corrosion resistant nickel-based alloy with [TJC STEEL]wide applications in the chemical, petrochemical and petroleum industries.Applications include chemical applications for a variety of production purposes, power plant flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, and acid oil field environments.

​Alloy28(UNS N08028) is an ultra-low carbon Fe-Ni base corrosion resistant alloy with a density of 8.0g/cm3.According to the naming method of metal materials in [TJC STEEL]China, the grade of this alloy is 00Cr27Ni31Mo3Cu.
Standards:
AMERICA ASTM B668
ASTM B709 UNS N08028
GERMANY DIN EN 10088-1 1.4563

Chemical Composition:
Grade N08028 1.4563
C ≤0.030 ≤0.020
Si ≤1.00[TJC STEEL] ≤0.70
Mn ≤2.50 ≤2.00
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030
S ≤0.030 ≤0.010
Cr 26.0~28.0 26.0~28.0
Ni 29.5~32.5 30.0~32.0
Mo 3.0~4.0 3.0~4.0
Cu 0.60~1.40 0.70~1.50
N -- ≤0.11
Fe rest rest

Grades:
Special Metals INCOLOY® alloy 028
Sandvik SANICRO 28

Material Characteristics:
1.It has good corrosion resistance in strong acid environment.
2.It has good stress corrosion cracking resistance [TJC STEEL]in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and chloride environment.
3.Good intergranular corrosion resistance.
4.High resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.
5.Good weldability.

Applications:
Alloy28 early is developed to solve the wet-process phosphoric acid heat exchanger material alloy, corrosion resistant performance is very superior, to [TJC STEEL]H2S, chloride, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid corrosion resistance, high H2S content in the oil and gas exploitation, flue gas desulfurization system, papermaking industry, phosphoric acid and organic acid and ester synthesis production device has a large number of applications and performances.

​633 Stainless Steel is precipitated hardened stainless steel, can be subjected to low temperature heat treatment to obtain different levels of strength, [TJC STEEL]for high strength and excellent weldability and corrosion resistance occasions.

Standard:
CHINA GB/T 20878-2007 09Cr17Ni5Mo3N
S51750
AMERICA ASTM A693-2003 S35000，633
EUROPE EN 10088-1:2005[TJC STEEL] (1.4457)

Chemical Composition(%):
C 0.07~0.11 Cr 16.0~17.0 Ni 4.00~5.00
Si ≤0.50 P ≤0.040 Mo 2.50~3.20
Mn 0.50~1.25 S ≤0.030[TJC STEEL] N 0.07~0.13

Grades:
AMERICA ATI Metals AM 350®
JAPAN TOKKIN TOKKIN® 350

Material Characteristics:
The corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels is better than that of other martensitic stainless steels which can be quenched and hardened. [TJC STEEL]In most media, the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels is comparable to that of 316 type stainless steels.
② High strength.After heat treatment according to national standard specification, hardness ≥36HRC or ≥42HRC can be obtained.
③ It is easier to weld than other stainless steels that can be precipitated and hardened. It can be welded by traditional inert gas method.

Applications
633Stainless Steel is commonly used in applications up to 1000°F (537 ° C) where strength and good corrosion resistance are required, such as [TJC STEEL]gas turbine compressor components (blades, plates, rotors and shafts), and similar components requiring high strength at room and moderate temperatures;Precision seals, couplings for semiconductor processing equipment and high vacuum systems;Aerospace applications requiring high strength edge welded bellows, etc.

04Cr13Ni5Mo, also known as 0Cr13Ni5Mo (no standard), is a typical type of super martensitic stainless steel."Super martensitic stainless steel" is [TJC STEEL]made of martensitic stainless steel with improved smelting process, reduced carbon content and increased nickel-molybdenum alloy element. Its performance is better than that of conventional martensitic stainless steel.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 20878-2007
GB/T 4237-2015 04Cr13Ni5Mo
S41595
AMERICA ASTM A182-10a F6NM，S41500
JAPAN JIS G 3214:2009 SUS F6NM[TJC STEEL]
JIS G 5121:2003 SCS6
GERMANY DIN EN 10088-2:2005 X3CrNiMo13-4
1.4313

Chemical Composition:
Grade 04Cr13Ni5Mo
F6NM,SUSF6NM SCS6 1.4313
C ≤0.05 ≤0.06 ≤0.05
Si ≤0.60[TJC STEEL] ≤1.0 ≤0.70
Mn 0.50~1.00 ≤1.0 ≤1.50
P ≤0.030 ≤0.040 ≤0.040
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.015
Cr 11.5~14.0 11.5~14.0 12.0~14.0
Ni 3.5~5.5 3.5~4.5 3.5~4.5
Mo 0.5~1.0 0.4~1.0 0.3~0.7
N -- -- ≥0.02
 
Performance And Application:
Super martensitic stainless steel not only has good corrosion resistance, weldability, but also has the characteristics of high strength and good[TJC STEEL] low temperature toughness. It has great application potential in the fields of hydropower, mining equipment, chemical equipment, food industry, transportation and high-temperature pulp production equipment.As a typical type of super martensitic stainless steel, 04Cr13Ni5Mo is usually used as hydropower steel, is a conventional material for hydraulic turbine equipment.

​0Cr16Ni6 is a precipitated hardening stainless steel with controlled phase transition. After solution treatment, the microstructure is about 40% martensite, 60% austenite and a small amount of δferrite. After cold treatment [TJC STEEL]or cold deformation, the microstructure is basically transformed into martensite.

 Equivalent Grades with 0Cr16Ni6:
⑴AMERICA：Croloy 16-6 PH
⑵RUSSIA：07X16H6

 Standard: C1J15

Chemical Composition(%) for 0Cr16Ni6 Stainless:
C 0.05~0.09 Cr 15.00~17.00 Ti ≤0.05
Si 0.30~0.80 Ni 5.00~7.50 N ≤0.10
Mn 0.30~0.80 P ≤0.030[TJC STEEL] S ≤0.020

Properties for 0Cr16Ni6 Stainless:
Density（g/cm3） 7.72
Melting Point（℃） 1360~1450
Specific Heat Capacity [J/(kg·℃)] 444
Heat Conductivity [W/(m·℃)] 100℃ 18.0
200℃ 19.3
300℃ 20.9
400℃ 22.2
500℃ 23.0
600℃ 24.3
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion (10-6/℃) 20~100℃ 9.5
20~200℃ 11.0
20~300℃ 12.0
20~400℃ 12.5
20~500℃ 13.0
20~600℃[TJC STEEL] 13.0
Electrical Resistivity（μΩ·m） 83.7

Heat Treatment System for 0Cr16Ni6 Stainless:
There are two ways of martensite transformation after 0Cr16Ni6 solution treatment: cryogenic (R) treatment and cold (C) treatment. [TJC STEEL]After treatment, the martensite volume in the treated tissue increases to about 90%, and the rest is austenite.
After the whole heat treatment, the hardness of 0Cr16Ni6 at room temperature: 40~48HRC.

Heat Treatment Status for 0Cr16Ni6 Stainless:
⑴RH Condition：Solid Solution Treatment + Cryogenic Treatment + Tempering.
⑵CH Condition：Solution Treatment + Cold Rolling Or Cold Drawing + Tempering.

Heat Treatment Process
⑴ Solid Solution Treatment: Electric Furnace 1000±10℃×30min, < 30℃ Cooling Water;
⑵ Cryogenic Treatment: -70~-80℃×2h;
⑶ Tempering Treatment: [TJC STEEL]420±10℃×1h, Air Cooling.

Reference Hardness for 0Cr16Ni6 Stainless:
Scheme of Heat Treatment HRC
Solid Solution 12~14
Solid Solution+Tempering 20~22
Solid Solution+Subzero Treatment 41~41.5
Solid Solution+Subzero Treatment+Tempering 42.5~43

Performance Characteristics for 0Cr16Ni6 Stainless:
⑴ High strength, low notch sensitivity and insensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement.
⑵ The uniform corrosion resistance of 431 was similar to that of 431;Good stress corrosion resistance;The intergranular corrosion resistance can meet the technical requirements of "L" method when the intergranular [TJC STEEL]corrosion test is carried out according to "Test Method for Intergranular Corrosion Tendency of Stainless and Acid Resistant Steels".
(3) It has stable oxidation resistance in the air medium below 420℃ and in the atmosphere of aviation fuel combustion products.
(4) Thermal processing temperature range: 1100~900℃;The cold working properties of austenitic stainless steels are between that of martensitic stainless steels.
⑸ Good welding performance, [TJC STEEL]parts need to be RH treatment after welding.

Applications for 0Cr16Ni6 Stainless:
0Cr16Ni6 is a kind of martensitic-austenite double-phase stainless steel with high strength, high toughness and good corrosion resistance. [TJC STEEL]It is suitable for making aircraft and engine stress components working below 450℃, as well as other important components working in atmosphere, acetic acid and salt medium.

W6Mo5Cr4V2Al, referred to as 501, also known as M2Al, is on the basis of W6Mo5Cr4V2 carbon content from 0.08% ~ 0.90% to 1.05% ~ 1.15%, and add 1% Al and the formation of superhard high-speed steel, is a typical grade of aluminum high-speed steel.
High speed steel containing aluminum is an original [TJC STEEL]steel in China, characterized by "no cobalt" and "low price".Because cobalt resources are scarce, replacing cobalt with aluminum is a feasible and favorable plan in China.Austrian BOHLER steel mill developed 501 similar steel class S620 based on the research of Chinese counterparts.

Chemical Composition(%) for W6Mo5Cr4V2Al (M2Al), 501 Aluminum High Speed Steel:
Standard GB/T 9943-2008(High Speed Tool Steel)
Grade W6Mo5Cr4V2Al W6Mo5Cr4V2
C 1.05~1.15 0.80~0.90
Si 0.20~0.60 0.20~0.45
Mn 0.15~0.40 0.15~0.40
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 3.80~4.40 3.80~4.40
V 1.75~2.20 1.75~2.20
W 5.50~6.75[TJC STEEL] 5.50~6.75
Mo 4.50~5.50 4.50~5.50
Al 0.80~1.20 --

Heat Treatment（GB/T 9943-2008）for W6Mo5Cr4V2Al (M2Al), 501 Aluminum High Speed Steel:
Hardness under Annealed Treatment ≤269HBW
Preheating 800~900℃
Quenching Salt Bath Furnace 1200~1220℃
Box-Type Furnace 1230~1240℃
Quenching Medium Oil or Salt Bath
Tempering 550~570℃ for 1h[TJC STEEL]
Tempering Times Twice
Hardness ≥65HRC

Example Case for Heat Treatment Process for W6Mo5Cr4V2Al (M2Al), 501 Aluminum High Speed Steel:
Preheating with Low Tem 450~500℃ for 1~1.5h
Preheating with Mid Tem 850~900℃，Heating Time According To The Effective Section 20~25s/mm
Heating by Quenching 1210±10℃，Heating Time According To The Effective Section 15~20s/mm
Cooling by Steps 580~620℃，Neutral Salt Bath[TJC STEEL]
Air Cooling When The Furnace Is Cooled To 600℃, The Furnace Is Cooled To Room Temperature
Tempering with High Tem 550±10℃ for 2~3h
Tempering with MId Tem 530±10℃ for 2~3h
Three Times
Hardness 66~68HRC

Properties for W6Mo5Cr4V2Al (M2Al), 501 Aluminum High Speed Steel:
The hardness of 501 is 67~69HRC at room temperature and 54~55HRC at 600℃, making it more than W18Cr4V and comparable to superhard high-speed steel M42. The toughness and grinding performance are better than vanadium superhard high-speed [TJC STEEL]steel.
Research shows that compared with W9Mo3Cr4V (W9) material, 501 price is the same, but 501 material tool processing efficiency increases 30%, cutting speed increases 58%, tool life extends 2~3 times.Compared with W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 (M42) material, the machining efficiency and cutting performance of 501 tool are basically the same, but the [TJC STEEL]price of M42 is 3 times that of 501.
The defects of 501 are high vanadium content, poor grinding workability, strong overheating sensitivity, oxidation and decarbonization tendency, so protective measures should be taken during hot processing and heat treatment.

Applications for W6Mo5Cr4V2Al (M2Al), 501 Aluminum High Speed Steel:
The high speed steel 501 has the advantages of high hardness, wear resistance, high red hardness, high temperature hardness, good thermoplasticity and so on. It is made into cutting tools such as plane cutter, hob, broaching tool and so on.[TJC STEEL] It has a good effect when it is used to process high-temperature alloy, ultra-high strength steel and other difficult cutting materials, and it is also used to make high load cold working die, such as cold extrusion die.

409Ni stainless steel is a low chromium niobium stabilized ferritic stainless steel. The addition of nickel can improve corrosion resistance and toughness in welding conditions.Compared with 430 or 304 stainless steel it does not belong to corrosion resistance or high temperature oxidation resistance material, but it is more suitable for low [TJC STEEL]alloy corrosion resistance steel, low carbon steel and coated low carbon steel.When stainless steel 409Ni is exposed to harsh atmospheric conditions, dyeing may occur.409 Nickel alloys should only be used in aesthetically not as a primary requirement, such as in mildly corrosive conditions.The annealed 409Ni is malleable and does not hardento any significant extent during cold operation.

As a result, it can be pulled onto a wire and formed into the desired shape using most standard techniques.409Ni should not be used in low temperature [TJC STEEL]applications below zero due to brittle transition and fracture hazards. It is a ferritic stainless steel.In automotive applications, the SS409NI has found its main application.

The 409Ni stainless steel is an ideal material for meters larger than 0.120 in. Its weldability and toughness is superior to that of the standard 409 model.The cost is relatively low.Transportation applications include automotive exhaust flanges, hopper [TJC STEEL]bodies and discharge chutes, intermodal containers, trailers, bus frames, and dump truck bed liners.In conditions as slippery as those encountered in coal handling equipment, 409 nickel stainless steel is a more economical solution.Potential coal handling applications include chutes, hoppers, bunkers, flooring, perforated plates, sizing machines, flight conveyor grinders, vibrating screen plates, silo feeders, paddle mixers, screw feeders, fuel tank and dryer assemblies.Additional applications include noise suppression barriers, mud pipes, heat shields, cyclones, silos, belt scraper blades, screens and tanks.

Technical Data for 409Ni, UNS S40975 Stainless Steel:

Chemical Composition(%)
C -- Mn -- P -- S -- Si -- Cr -- Ni -- N -- Fe
0.03 -- 1 -- 0.04 -- 0.03 -- 1 -- 10.5-11.7 -- 0.50=1.0 -- 0.03 -- Rest

Mechanical Property
TENSILE STRENGTH(MPA) -- YIELD STRENGTH(MPA) -- ELONGATION(%)
415 -- 276 -- 20

​45# steel is carbon structural steel with carbon content of 0.45%. It is characterized by cheap price, good cutting performance, high hardness after quenching, [TJC STEEL]good strength and toughness and certain wear resistance after quenching and tempering treatment. It is widely used in the manufacture of structural parts and medium and low grade plastic molds.
"45# steel" is a popular name, the symbol is generally[TJC STEEL] written as "45#".Actually GB standard steel number is "45", it is not a serial number, read as "45# steel" is not very accurate.
Chemicals
The similar grades of 45 steel are S45C(JIS) and 1045(AISI).In addition, China's metallurgical technology standards have SM45 marks specifically [TJC STEEL]indicated the use of plastic mold.Compared with 45 steel, SM45 steel has lower phosphorus and sulfur content and better steel purity.

Standards GB/T 699 Grades 45
C 0.42~0.50 Cr ≤0.25
Si 0.17~0.37 Ni ≤0.30
Mn 0.50~0.80 Cu ≤0.25
P,S P S
(45) ≤0.035 ≤0.035
(45A) ≤0.030 ≤0.030
(45E) ≤0.025[TJC STEEL] ≤0.020
Standards YB/T 094 AISI JIS G4051
Grades SM45 1045 S45C
C 0.42~0.48 0.43~0.50 0.42~0.48
Si 0.17~0.37 -- 0.15~0.35
Mn 0.50~0.80 0.60~0.90 0.60~0.90
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
S ≤0.030 ≤0.050[TJC STEEL] ≤0.035

Mechanical Property（GB/T 699-1999）
Sample Size（mm） 25
Suggested Heat Treatment（℃） Normalizing 850
Quenching 840
Tempering 600
Mechanical Property Tensile StrengthMPa ≥600
Yield Strength MPa ≥355
Elongation%[TJC STEEL] ≥16
Reduction of Area% ≥40
Impact Test Value J ≥39
HBS Before Heat Treatment ≤229
Annealing ≤197
Note: For steel larger than 80mm, the elongation and section shrinkage after fracture are allowed to be reduced by 2% and 5% respectively compared with the above table.

Heat Treatment and Hardness
Recommended quenching process specification: [TJC STEEL]quenching temperature is 820~860℃, water or oil cold, hardness ≥50HRC.
The recommended tempering process specification: tempering temperature is 500~560℃, air cooling, hardness is 25~33HRC.
Tempering in this temperature range is a tempering treatment.The strength, plasticity and toughness of 45 steel are well balanced by tempering and tempering, and the comprehensive performance is good, which can adapt to the environment of alternating load.
After tempering and tempering, 45 steel has [TJC STEEL]low surface hardness and no wear resistance.So commonly used quenching and tempering + surface hardening to improve the surface hardness of parts.

Relationship between Temperature and Hardness under Tempering Treatment:
Tempering
Tem Quenching Unit（℃）
200 300 400 500 550 600

HRC 57 55 50 41 33 26 22

Note: ① quenching is water quenching at 840℃.(2) 45 steel after quenching without tempering, hardness is greater than HRC55 [TJC STEEL](up to HRC62) is qualified.The maximum hardness of practical application is HRC55 (HRC58 for high frequency quenching).

5CrNiMo is a kind of hot die steel.Often referred to as 5CrMnMo.Both are low alloy steels (alloy content ≤5%), low carbon content, have good hardenability[TJC STEEL] and impact toughness, used for the die with low temperature and large impact load, such as hammer forging die.

▶ 5CrNiMo、5CrMnMo Chemical Composition Comparation:

Grades 5CrNiMo 5CrMnMo
C 0.50~0.60 0.50~0.60
Si ≤0.40 0.25~0.60
Mn 0.50~0.80 1.20~1.60
Cr 0.50~0.80 0.60~0.90
Ni 1.40~1.80 ≤0.25
Mo 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30
Cu ≤0.25 ≤0.25

5CrMnMo replaces nickel with manganese, which is the joint nickel steel of 5CrNiMo. Its strength is slightly higher than that of 5CrNiMo, but its hardenability and impact toughness are obviously lower, and its heat resistance fatigue performance [TJC STEEL]is also slightly inferior.According to the different performance characteristics of the two, 5CrNiMo is mostly used in the manufacture of medium-sized (die height greater than 300mm) or complex cavity hot forging dies;And 5CrMnMo is suitable for making small forging dies (die height less than 300mm).
5CrNiMo has good toughness and hardenability, and is insensitive to size effect.High strength can be maintained under 400℃, but the strength drops sharply above 400℃. For example, when the temperature rises to 550℃, the yield point drops by nearly half compared with room temperature.
Hot work die steels can be divided into low heat resistant steels (350 ~ 370℃), medium heat resistant steels (550 ~ 600℃) and high heat[TJC STEEL] resistant steels (580 ~ 650℃) according to different working temperatures.According to this definition, 5CrNiMo is a low heat resistance and high toughness hot work die steel.
There are two standards for 5CrNiMo steel in China: GB/T 24594-2009 (high quality alloy die steel) and GB/T 1299-2014 (die steel).

▶ 5CrNiMo’s Equivalent Materials in Different Standards
Standard GB AISI JIS W-Nr
Grades 5CrNiMo L6 SKT4 1.2713 1.2714
C 0.50
0.60 0.65
0.75 0.50
0.60 0.50
0.60 0.50
0.60
Si ≤0.40 0.10
0.50 0.10
0.40 0.10
0.40 0.10
0.40
Mn 0.50
0.80 0.25
0.80[TJC STEEL] 0.60
0.90 0.65
0.95 0.60
0.90
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.020 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 0.50
0.80 0.60
1.20 0.80
1.20 0.60
0.80 0.80
1.20
Ni 1.40
1.80 1.25
2.00 1.50
1.80 1.50
1.80 1.50
1.80
Mo 0.15
0.30 ≤0.50 0.35
0.55 0.25
0.35 0.35
0.55
V (≤0.20) —[TJC STEEL] 0.05
0.15 0.07
0.12 0.05
0.15

▶ Popular Brands for 5CrNiMo
DAIDO HITACHI KOSHUHA ASSAB BÖHLER
GFA DM KTV ALVAR  14 W500

▶ 5CrNiMo’s Hardness
The annealing (or normalizing) hardness of 5CrNiMo is in the range of HBW 197~241, and it can be pre-hardened to HRC 38~43 for delivery, [TJC STEEL]and its quenching hardness can reach HRC 53~58.

​Spring steel refers to steel specially used to manufacture springs and elastic elements because of its elasticity under quenching and tempering [TJC STEEL]conditions.The elasticity of a steel depends on its ability to elastically deform, that is, to withstand a certain load within a specified range without permanent deformation after the load is removed.
65Mn is a typical spring steel with high strength, high hardenability, low decarburization tendency, but it is sensitive to overheating, easy to produce [TJC STEEL]quenching cracks and temper brittleness.Its cutting performance is also good, in the annealing state, the relative machinability of 70%.
As low manganese spring steel (GB/T 1222), 65Mn is used for manufacturing large flat spring, cushion spring, spring spring, also suitable for manufacturing [TJC STEEL]spring ring, valve spring, clutch spring, brake spring cold drawn wire (≤7mm), cold coil spring, etc.
High elastic limit, yield strength and fatigue strength, and high hardenability, good cutting characteristics, also makes 65Mn become the main material for[TJC STEEL] manufacturing diamond circular saw blade.
In addition to the use of spring, 65Mn is another identity of carbon structural steel (GB/T 699), used in the field of machine processing, is a typical [TJC STEEL]material of cold work die steel, among which round steel is the most widely used field.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%)
STANDARDS GB/T  1222 ASTM  A689
GRADES 65Mn 1566
C 0.62~0.70 0.60~0.71
Si 0.17~0.37 --
Mn 0.90~1.20 0.85~1.15
P ≤0.035[TJC STEEL] ≤0.040
S ≤0.035 ≤0.050
Cr ≤0.25 --
Ni ≤0.25 --
Cu ≤0.25 --

MECHANICAL PROPERTY（GB/T 1222-2007）
SAMPLE SIZE（mm） 10
HEAT TREATMENT QUENCHING TEM 830℃
QUENCHING MEDIUM MEDIA OIL
TEMPERING TEM 540℃
MECHANICAL PROPERTY TENSILE STRENGTH MPa[TJC STEEL] ≥980
YIELD STRENGTH MPa ≥785
ELONGATION % ≥8
REDUCTION OF AREA % ≥30
HBW HOT ROLLED ≤302
COLD BEND + HEAT TREATMENT ≤321

38CrMoAl is an alloy structural steel characterized by high aluminum composition, which is generally used after quenching and nitriding.After nitriding, 38CrMoAl has high surface hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength, and has [TJC STEEL]good heat resistance and corrosion.
The characteristic of 38CrMoAl nitriding is that the speed is fast and the depth of nitriding layer can be obtained. However, the brittleness of the nitriding layer is relatively large, so it is not suitable for making parts that bear great impact.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%)
STANDARD GB/T 3077 SAE 6470 JIS G4053 DIN EN 10085
GRADE 38CrMoAl 135 Mod
UNS K24065 SACM645
（SACM1） 1.8509
41CrAlMo7-10
C 0.35~0.42 0.38~0.43 0.40~0.50 0.38~0.45
Si 0.20~0.45 0.20~0.40 0.15~0.50 ≤0.40
Mn 0.30~0.60 0.50~0.80[TJC STEEL] ≤0.60 0.40~0.70
P ≤0.035 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.025
S ≤0.035 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.035
Cr 1.35~1.65 1.40~1.80 1.30~1.70 1.50~1.80
Mo 0.15~0.25 0.30~0.40 0.15~0.35 0.20~0.35
Al 0.70~1.10 0.95~1.30 0.70~1.20 0.80~1.20

HEAT TREATMENT
TYPES TEM ℃ COOLING HRC
ANNEALING 840~870 FURNACE COOLING ≤229HB
NORMALIZING 930~970 AIR COOLING --
QUENCHING 940 OIL ＞56
TEMPERING 150~200 WATER OR OIL[TJC STEEL] 51~56
300~400 WATER OR OIL 45~51
500~550 WATER OR OIL 35~39
600~650 WATER OR OIL 28~31

TRIDING TREATMENT
The process flow of nitriding parts is generally: forging → normalizing (annealing) → rough machining → tempering and tempering → finishing [TJC STEEL]machining → de-stress → fine grinding → nitriding → fine grinding → assembly.
The purpose of 38CrMoAl nitriding treatment is mainly for wear resistance.After nitriding, its hardness is as high as HV800, the hardened layer [TJC STEEL]can reach 0.30mm ~ 0.5mm.

APPLICATION
38CrMoAl is mainly used in the manufacture of parts with precise size, requiring high wear resistance and fatigue strength, and not subjected to large impact load, such as cylinder liner, bottom sleeve, gear, bolts, shaft and rotor, etc.

​"Super martensitic stainless steel" improvements of martensite stainless steel smelting process, reduce the carbon content, increase the nickel molybdenum alloy elements, performance is superior to the conventional martensitic stainless steel, not only has good corrosion resistance, weldability, and have the characteristics of [TJC STEEL]high strength and low temperature toughness good, in hydropower, mining equipment, chemical equipment, food industry, transportation, and high temperature pulp production equipment in areas such as highly potential applications.
S-135 (00Cr13Ni5Mo), namely 04Cr13Ni5Mo, is an ultra-low carbon martensitic stainless steel developed on the basis of CA-6nm cast steel, [TJC STEEL]which is a typical type of super martensitic stainless steel.

 STANDARDS
CHINA TISCO 00Cr13Ni5Mo
S-135
GB/T 20878-2007
GB/T 3280-2015
GB/T 4237-2015 04Cr13Ni5Mo
S41595
JB/T 7349-2002 ZG06Cr13Ni5Mo
USA ASTM A182-10a F6NM，S41500
JAPAN JIS G 3214:2009 SUS F6NM
JIS G 5121:2003 SCS6
GEMANY DIN EN 10088-2:2005 X3CrNiMo13-4
1.4313

 CHEMICAL COMPOSITIOIN（%）
GRADE S-135 04Cr13Ni5Mo
F6NM,SUSF6NM 1.4313
C ≤0.03 ≤0.05 ≤0.05
Si ≤0.60 ≤0.60 ≤0.70
Mn ≤0.80 0.50~1.00 ≤1.50
P ≤0.035 ≤0.030 ≤0.040
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.015
Cr 13.0~14.0 11.5~14.0 12.0~14.0
Ni 4.0~6.0 3.5~5.5 3.5~4.5
Mo 0.5~1.0 0.5~1.0 0.3~0.7
N -- -- ≥0.02

CHARACTERISTICS
S-135 steel abandoned the strengthening [TJC STEEL]means of high carbon martensite and forming carbides, and took the formation of low carbon martensite with high toughness and the addition and strengthening of nickel and molybdenum alloy elements as the main strengthening means.Through proper heat treatment, it has the composite structure of low carbon lamellar martensite and reversed austenite, so that it not only retains the high strength level, but also has good toughness and weldability.In [TJC STEEL]addition, the steel also has excellent erosion resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, can meet the water conservancy project flow parts to bear sediment erosion requirements for a long time.

APPLICATIONS
S-135 steel is mainly used for high strength load-bearing parts that need to be welded.The most common is as a hydroelectric steel, used for the manufacture of water turbine equipment abrasion resistance runner and runner lower ring;In the petroleum industry, used as CO2, H2S corrosion resistance and on-site welding [TJC STEEL]pipeline;In the nuclear industry, it is used in PWR 2, 3 stage auxiliary pump drive shaft and control rod drive mechanism.

6Cr4W3Mo2VNb steel, namely 65Nb steel, is a common matrix steel, which is jointly developed by Huazhong Institute of Technology [TJC STEEL]and Daye Steel Plant.65Nb steel is made of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2 with composition adjustment and a small amount of Nb added.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION（%）（GB/T 1299-2014）
C 0.60~0.70 Cr 3.80~4.40
Si ≤0.40 W 2.50~3.50
Mn ≤0.40 Mo 1.80~2.50
P ≤0.030 V 0.80~1.20
S ≤0.030 Nb 0.20~0.35

HEAT TREATMENTS
① Isothermal Annealing
Annealing process of 65NB steel: heating at 860±10℃, holding for 3~4h;The furnace was cooled to 740±10℃ and held for 5~6h.The furnace is cooled to below 500℃ and the furnace is cooled.After annealing, the hardness is less [TJC STEEL]than 241Hbs, and the structure is spherical pearlite.The hardenability of steel is higher, Ø 50 mm sample in air hardening, Ø 80 mm can be hardening in the oil.
② Quenching Specification 
SCHEMES I II III
REQUESTS GOOD TOUGHNESS GOOD WEAR RESISTANCE NORMAL
PRE-HEATING TEM℃ 840 840 840
QUENCHING TEM℃ 1080~
1120 1180~
1190 1120~
1160
COOLING METHODS OIL COOLING TO 20~60℃，
OR 150~200℃ AND THEN AIR COOLING
HRC ≥61 ≥61 ≥61

③Tempering Specification：Tempered Tem540~580℃，Twice，1~2h per Time，Harness≥56HRC。

Temperature’s Relationship with Hardness(Tempering)
Quenching Tem→ 1080℃ 1120℃ 1160℃
Tempering Tem↓ HardnessHRC↓
200℃ 61.3 61.4 61.5
300℃ 58.0 58.5 59.0
400℃ 58.0 59.0 59.5
450℃ 59.4 59.9 60.3
500℃ 60.1 61.4 61.8
520℃ 60.1 62.3 62.6
540℃ 60.2 62.2 62.5
560℃ 58.5 60.4 61.5
580℃ 58.3 60.3 60.5
600℃ 55.5 57.0 58.5

④ Surface Strengthening (Nitriding)
In order to further improve the wear resistance, the 65NB steel mold can be treated with gas soft nitriding or ion nitriding surface strengthening treatment.
Gas soft nitride can be at 520~530℃, [TJC STEEL]2.5~3.5h, using methanol and ammonia (methanol and ammonia ratio is 1:1).
Ion nitriding can be done at 500~540℃, with ammonia as nitriding medium, and the time is 30~60min.

CHARACTERISTICS
The basic composition of 65NB steel is similar to that of HSS, and the compressive yield strength is slightly lower than that of HSS, but the bending strength, especially the toughness, is much higher than that of HSS.Because there is no excess carbide and niobium is added into the steel, it plays the role of refining grain.Therefore, [TJC STEEL]it has high toughness and fatigue strength.Compared with the steel without niobium, the bending strength, impact toughness and fracture toughness are increased by 25%, more than doubled and 20% respectively.

APPLICATIONS
65 nb is a strong combination of steel grade, suitable for making complicated shape, large impact load or cold work mould size is larger, often used to replace T10, Cr12MoV, W6Mo5Cr4V2 make Allen for the multi-station cold heading [TJC STEEL]machine, punch, philips light punch, bolt trimming die, cold heading bolt top die, steel plate spring punch punch, bolt pressure Angle of intensive, flat round head die, ring cold die, etc.

​The Martensite represents steel. It is a ruggediable stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength through different heat [TJC STEEL]treatments.
 
Standards:
CHINA GB/T 20878-2007 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb
（0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb）
S51740
AMERICA ASTM A564-2009 630，S17400
AK Steel 17-4 PH®[TJC STEEL]
JAPAN JIS G4303：2005 SUS 630
GERMANY DIN EN 10088-3：2014 X5CrNiCuNb16-4，1.4542
 
Chemical Composition(%):
GRADE S51740 630 SUS630 1.4542
C ≤0.07 ≤0.07 ≤0.07 ≤0.07
Si ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤0.70
Mn ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.50
P ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.040
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030[TJC STEEL] ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 15.0~17.5 15.0~17.5 15.0~17.5 15.0~17.0
Ni 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00
Cu 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00
Nb 0.15~0.45 Nb+Ta：
0.15~0.45 0.15~0.45 5×C~0.45
Mo -- -- -- ≤0.60

Heat Treatment:(GB/T 1220-2007)
HEAT TREATMENT RP0.2
(MPa) Rm
(MPa) A(%) Z(%) HARDNESS
HBW HRC
SOLID SOLUTION -- -- -- -- ≤363 ≤38
PRECIPITATION HARDENING 480℃
AGING 1180 1310 10 40 ≥375 ≥40
550℃
AGING[TJC STEEL] 1000 1070 12 45 ≥331 ≥35
580℃
AGING 865 1000 13 45 ≥302 ≥31
620℃
AGING 725 930 16 50 ≥277 ≥28
Note: The classification of heat treatment system in American standard is more detailed: H900, H925, H1025, H1075, H1100, H1150, [TJC STEEL]H1150M, and H1150D. The four blue characters correspond to the four seasons in the above table respectively.

Characteristics
(1) Good cold, hot processing, welding and casting properties.
(2) Mechanical properties can be improved through heat treatment, tensile strength up to 1100~1300MPa.
(3) Corrosion resistance is better than 400 series stainless steel;In most environments, corrosion resistance is comparable to 304;In [TJC STEEL]petrochemical industry, food industry, paper industry and other industries, corrosion resistance is the same as 304L grade;In the Marine environment, the 630 is easy to be corroded by seawater and is only suitable for offshore platform.
(4)At a temperature up to 316 C, the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties remain good.

Applications
630 stainless steel is suitable for medium corrosion resistance or super high strength applications, such as: aerospace industrial [TJC STEEL]parts, nuclear industrial equipment, food processing equipment, chemical processing equipment, petroleum refining equipment, mold parts, etc.

W6Mo5Cr4V2 also could be abbreviated as "6542" or "W6", is the representative grade of tungsten and molybdenum high-speed steel. In [TJC STEEL]ASTM standard this material is called ‘M2’.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 9943-2008 W6Mo5Cr4V2
T66541
AMERICA ASTM A600-2010 M2
JAPAN JIS G 4403:2006 SKH51
GERMANY EN ISO 4957:1999 HS6-5-2C，1.3343

Chemical Composition(%)
GRADE T66541 M2 SKH51 1.3343
C 0.80~0.90 0.78~0.88 0.80~0.88 0.86~0.94
Si 0.20~0.45 0.20~0.45[TJC STEEL] ≤0.45 ≤0.45
Mn 0.15~0.45 0.15~0.40 ≤0.40 ≤0.80
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 --
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 --
W 5.50~6.75 5.50~6.75 5.90~6.70 5.90~6.70
Mo 4.50~5.50 4.50~5.50 4.70~5.20 4.70~5.20
Cr 3.80~4.40 3.75~4.50 3.80~4.50 3.80~4.50
V 1.75~2.20 1.75~2.20 1.70~2.10 1.70~2.10

Heat Treatment(B/T 9943-2008）
HBW(Annealing) ≤255
Preheating Tem（℃） 800~900
Quenched Tem（℃） Salt Bath Furnace 1200~1220
Batch-Type Furnace 1210~1230
Quenched Medium[TJC STEEL] 油或盐浴
Tempered Tem（℃） 540~560
HRC ≥64

Material Characteristics
6542 steel is characterized by high hardness, wear resistance and thermal hardness (also known as red hardness), when the cutting temperature is as high as 500~600℃, the hardness has not decreased significantly, it can be cut at a higher [TJC STEEL]speed than low alloy steel.The disadvantage is that it is easy to oxidize and decarbonize.
Applications
6542 steel is mainly used to manufacture various cutting tools with high cutting speed, heavy load and high working temperature, such as[TJC STEEL] turning tool, milling cutter, hob, planer tool, broach, drill bit, tap, etc. It can also be used to manufacture cold and hot deformation molds, high temperature springs, high temperature bearings and so on, which require high wear resistance.

​HTCS-130 is one kind of hot stamping die steel with high thermal conductivity introduced by Rovalma of Spain.

Hot Stamping Forming
The automobile high-strength steel plate is heated to the austenite temperature range, quickly moved to the mold to accept the rapid stamping, [TJC STEEL]under the pressure holding state of the press, through the mold built-in cooling channel, rapid quenching cooling, and finally get the 1500MPa class ultra-high strength stamping parts.

Hot Stamping Die Steel
The complex working condition of hot stamping requires that the die material has high hardness, thermal conductivity, thermal strength, impact toughness, thermal stability and resistance to cold and hot fatigue.The thermal conductivity is the [TJC STEEL]key physical property of hot stamping die steel and has a decisive influence on the production efficiency.
Usually the mold made of H13 steel with low thermal conductivity can only produce 2~3 stamping parts per minute, while the mold made [TJC STEEL]of high thermal conductivity mold steel can produce 6~7 stamping parts per minute.

Chemical Composition for  HTCS-130(%):
C 0.31 Mo 3.1 W 1.95
Si 0.17 Cr 0.08 V 0.02
Mn 0.16 P 0.005 S 0.002

 Hardness for HTCS-130:
HTCS-130 shall be delivered in annealing state, hardness ≤250HB, service hardness range: 34~52HRC.

High Thermal Conductivity of HTCS-130
HTCS-130 has an extremely high thermal conductivity of 60W/(m·K) at room temperature, almost twice that of H13 steel.The advantage of [TJC STEEL]high thermal conductivity is that it can take away heat quickly, which is conducive to the quick quenching of the workpiece. Meanwhile, the fast cooling speed is conducive to reducing the adhesion phenomenon caused by the contact between the mold and the workpiece.

Performance Purposes for HTCS-130
Htcs-130 is a kind of high performance hot steel, high thermal conductivity, high toughness, high thermal stability, good wear resistance, good [TJC STEEL]mechanical performance, excellent polishing performance, often used in the manufacture of plastic injection molding, die casting or casting molding, as well as hot stamping forming molds that need high thermal conductivity.

31CrMoV9 steel is one kind of nitriding structural steel named by European standard; [TJC STEEL]In GB standard the name is 31Cr3MoV.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 37618-2019 31Cr3MoV，A31311
GERMANY DIN EN 10085:2001
(DIN 17211:1987) 31CrMoV9，1.8519
ISO ISO 683-5:2017 31CrMoV9[TJC STEEL]

 Chemical Composition(%)
GRADE 31Cr3MoV 31CrMoV9
C 0.27~0.34 0.27~0.34
Si 0.17~0.37 ≤0.040
Mn 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70
P ≤0.030 ≤0.025
S ≤0.030 ≤0.035
Cr 2.30~2.70 2.30~2.70
Mo 0.15~0.25 0.15~0.25
V 0.10~0.20 0.10~0.20
Ni ≤0.030 --
Cu ≤0.030 --

Property& Characteristics for 31CrMoV9，1.8519 Nitrided Steel:
(1) Good toughness;
(2) High performance in hardenability, when selecting the appropriate heat treatment process,  the diameter could be up to 70mm under[TJC STEEL] completely quenching;
(3) After the surface nitriding, the hardness can reach 1000HV, with excellent wear resistance, as well as good anti-bite, anti-scratch ability.

Applications
31CrMoV9 after "conditioning + nitriding" service and is suitable for the need of high tensile strength and good toughness of medium-sized and large cross section component, generally do not carry heavy load, often used in the [TJC STEEL]manufacture of the gear and the engine structure of components, such as hydraulic piston, piston rod, connecting shaft, connecting rod, steering knuckle, inner gear ring, screws and bolts, etc.

4Cr3Mo2NiVNb is also named HD Steel, which is a kind of air-cooled hardening martensitic body hot die steel, which is a new hot die steel developed by[TJC STEEL] school of Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and other units on the basis of Swedish Udholm QRO-80 steel.

01 Chemical Composition（%）
C 0.35～0.45 Cr 2.50～3.00
Si ≤0.35 Mo 1.80～2.20
Mn ≤0.40 Ni 0.80～1.20
P ≤0.030 V 1.00～1.40
S ≤0.030 Nb 0.10～0.25

02 Critical Point
Ac1=789℃，Ac3=910℃，Ms=363℃

03 Heat Machining
Spciciation for Forged HD Steel
Type Steel Ingot Steel Billet
Heating Tem℃ 1140～1180 1120～1160
Beginning Tem℃ 1080～1140 1060～1120
End Tem℃ ≥900 ≥850
Cooling Method Sand or Pit Slow Cooling Sand or Pit Slow Cooling

04 Preliminary Heat Treatment
Isothermal annealing of forged materials: < 500℃ into the furnace with the furnace heating temperature, heating temperature [TJC STEEL]830 ~ 850℃, holding time (H) 1+1min/mm, isothermal temperature 730±10℃, holding time (H) 2+1min/mm, with the furnace cooling to < 500℃ out of the furnace cooling (HB≤250).

05 Quenching Specification
Quenching temperature is 1130±10℃ and the oil is cold.
 
Relationship Between Quenching Temperature and Hardness And Grain Size of Hd Steel
Quenching Tem/℃ HRC Grain size/Grad
1050 50.5 --
1100 53.5 11
1130 53.5 10
1160 56.0 8～9
1180 56.0 7～8
1200 56.5 7～8

Hardness Datas for HD Steel under different Tempering Temperatures:
Tempering Tem/℃ HRC
HD Steel 3Cr2W8V Steel
300 52.5 51.0
400 52.0 51.0
500 52.5 51.4
530 53.5 52.3
560 54.0 51.5
590 53.8 51.8
620 51.2 50.0
650 47.0 46.0
700 41.0 34.0

06 Mechanical Property[TJC STEEL]（Comparing with 3Cr2W8V Steel）
Mechanical Property for HD Steel in Room Tem
Types 1130℃Quenching
650℃Tempering 1130℃Quenching
700℃Tempering
HD 3Cr2W8V HD 3Cr2W8V
σ0.2/MPa 1633 1463 1165 952
ψ（%） 32.4 41.8 45.7 41.9
αk/(J/cm2) 38.8 -- 48.8 --

Mechanical Property for HD Steel in HighTem

Tem 650℃ 700℃
HD 3Cr2W8V HD 3Cr2W8V
σ0.2/MPa 536.9 414 405.3 235
ψ（%） 66.1 49.1 69.3 85.4
αk/(J/cm2) 56/54 -- 75/40 62/38

07 Performance Features
4Cr3Mo2NiVNb (HD) steel is based on 4Cr3Mo3V steel. By reducing the content of Mo and V and adding mass fractions of 1%Ni and 0.15%Nb, the toughness and thermal stability of 4Cr3Mo2NiVNb (HD) steel can[TJC STEEL] be improved at room temperature and high temperature, and the hardness of 40HRC can be maintained at 700℃.Under the same hardness, HD steel has 50% higher fracture toughness than 3Cr2W8V steel, 70% higher tensile strength at 700℃, 1 time higher cold and hot fatigue resistance and 50% higher thermal wear resistance, respectively.

08 Applications
HD steel comprehensive performance is good, suitable for making heating temperature about 700 ℃, using strict hot-work mold, such as ferrous and non-ferrous materials of hot extrusion die, such as hot fine forging die, in the steel tube hot extrusion convex die, the bottom of the copper alloy tube extrusion die and [TJC STEEL]punch needle, hot extrusion convex die and concave die bearing ring, valve end of extrusion die and mold USES, the service life than 3 cr2w8v steel has improved significantly.

TZM is short name for Ti-Zr-Mo, Titanium- Zirconium - Molybdenum alloy, is a widely used molybdenum - based superalloy.[TJC STEEL]The melting point of TZM alloy is 2617℃, the boiling point is 4612℃, and the density is 10.22 g/cm3.

Common Preparation Methods:

Arc Melting - Casting Process
After melting pure molybdenum by electric arc, certain Ti, Zr and other alloying elements are added according to the percentage of weight, and then TZM alloy is obtained by conventional casting method.

Powder Metallurgy
After mixing high pure molybdenum powder with TiH2 powder, ZrH2 powder and graphite powder in a uniform proportion, it was formed by isostatic pressing and then sintered at high temperature in a protective atmosphere to obtain TZM blank.The blank is then hot-rolled (forging) at high temperature, annealed at high [TJC STEEL]temperature, annealed at medium temperature (forging), relieved of stress at medium temperature, and then rolled (forging) at warm temperature, and finally TZM finished material is obtained.

Standaards:
CHINA YS/T 660-2007
GB/T 17792-2014
GB/T 3816-2017 TZM
AMERICA ASTM B386-2003
ASTM B387-2010 363，364[TJC STEEL]
 
 Chemical Composition（%）
GRADE TZM 363 364
Ti 0.40～0.55 0.40～0.55 0.40～0.55
Zr 0.06～0.12 0.06～0.12 0.06～0.12
Mo REST REST REST
C 0.01～0.04 0.01～0.03 0.01～0.04
Fe ≤0.010 ≤0.010 ≤0.010
Ni ≤0.005 ≤0.002 ≤0.005
Si ≤0.005 ≤0.010 ≤0.005
N ≤0.003 ≤0.002[TJC STEEL] ≤0.002
O ≤0.080 ≤0.003 ≤0.030
B （0.02） -- --

Performance Characteristics
TZM alloy has the characteristics of high melting point, high strength, high elastic modulus, small linear expansion coefficient, low vapor [TJC STEEL]pressure, good electrical and thermal conductivity, and strong corrosion resistance.TZM has excellent thermal shock resistance and thermal fatigue resistance in an environment above 1000℃.

Applications
Because of excellent high temperature strength, low temperature ductility and good welding performance, TZM alloy is widely used in [TJC STEEL]industry for the processing of high temperature structural materials and die materials, and because of its high melting point, string cable expansion coefficient, low vapor pressure, good conductive heat conduction the characteristic such as performance, is widely used in aerospace, military industry and high temperature structural materials, etc.

​Heat treatment has great energy saving potential. How to take measures to strengthen energy saving is an important topic for every heat treatment [TJC STEEL]worker.The following is only a simple discussion on heat treatment process energy saving.
 
Reduce Heating Temperature
Generally, the quenching temperature of subeutectoid carbon steel is above 30 ~ 50℃, while that of eutectoid and hypereutectoid carbon steel is above 30 ~ 50℃.In recent years, however, it has been proved that the heating quenching (i.e., subeutectoid [TJC STEEL]quenching) in a + two-phase region slightly lower than Ac3 can improve the toughness of the steel, reduce the brittle transition temperature, and eliminate the temper brittleness.The quenching temperature can be reduced by 40℃.
The high carbon steel can be quenched quickly and quickly at low temperature, which can reduce the carbon content of austenite, and is beneficial to obtain the lat martensite with good strong and tough fit, which can not only improve its toughness, but also shorten the heating time.
For some transmission gear, with carbonitriding instead of carburizing, wear resistance increased by 40% ~ 60%, fatigue strength increased by 50% ~ 80%, the total penetration time is the same, but the total penetration temperature (850℃) than[TJC STEEL] carburizing temperature (920℃) low 70℃, but also can reduce heat treatment deformation.
 
Shorten Heating Time
The production practice has shown that the traditional heating time based on the effective thickness of the workpiece is mostly conservative, so the heating coefficient in the heating time formula should be corrected.According to the traditional process parameters, when heating to 800 ~ 900℃ in an air furnace, the value is recommended to be 1.0 ~ 1.8min/mm, which is obviously conservative.If the alpha value can be reduced, the heating time can be greatly reduced.The heating time should be determined by experiments according to the size of steel workpiece and the amount of furnace loading, etc. The optimized [TJC STEEL]process parameters should be carefully executed once they are determined to achieve significant economic benefits.
 
Cancel Tempering Or Reduce Tempering Times
To cancel the tempering of carburized carbon steel, for example, the fatigue limit of 20Cr steel loader to cancel the tempering with double-sided carburized piston pin can be increased by 16% compared with the tempering;The tempering of low-carbon Martensite steel is cancelled, and the bulldozer pin sleeve is simplified to 20 steel quenched (low-carbon Martensite). The hardness is stable at about 45HRC, and the strength and wear resistance of the product are significantly improved, and the quality is stable.For example, [TJC STEEL]W18Cr4V steel saw blade adopts one tempering (560 ° C ×1h) instead of the traditional 560 ° C ×1h three tempering, and its service life is increased by 40%.
 
Use Low To Medium Tempering Instead Of High Tempering
Medium carbon or medium carbon alloy structural steel can obtain higher multi-punch resistance by tempering at medium and low temperature instead of high temperature.W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel Φ 8 mm drill bit, after quenching + 560 ℃ to 350 ℃ by 1 h x 1 h secondary tempering, a 560 ℃ by 1 h three tempering the bit cutting life of 40.
 
Reasonable Reduction Of Seepage Depth
The chemical heat treatment has long cycle and high power consumption. It is an important means of energy saving to reduce the penetration depth and shorten the time.The necessary depth of hardening layer is obtained by stress measurement. It shows that the current hardening layer is too deep and only 70% of the traditional hardening depth is enough.The results show that carburizing can reduce the depth of the layer by 30% ~ 40%.At [TJC STEEL]the same time, if the depth of seepage layer is controlled at the lower limit of the technical requirements in actual production, it can also save 20% energy, shorten the time and reduce the deformation.
 
High Temperature And Vacuum Chemical Heat Treatment Are Used
The high temperature chemical heat treatment is in the equipment use temperature permit and the condition that the osmotic steel austenite grain does not grow narrow, raises the chemical heat treatment temperature, thus greatly accelerates [TJC STEEL]the rate of carburizing.The carburizing temperature from 930℃ to 1000℃, can make the carburizing speed increased more than 2 times.However, due to many problems, the future development is limited.
Vacuum chemical heat treatment is carried out in a gas phase medium under negative pressure.Because the surface of the workpiece is cleaned in the vacuum state, and the higher temperature is used, the seepage [TJC STEEL]velocity is greatly increased.Such as vacuum carburizing can improve productivity 1 ~ 2 times;At 133.3× (10-1 ~ 10-2) Pa, the penetration rate of aluminum and chromium can be increased by more than 10 times.
 
Ionic Chemical Heat Treatment
It is a chemical heat treatment process that uses a glow discharge between the workpiece (cathode) and the anode to infiltrate the permeable element in a gas phase medium containing permeable elements at a pressure lower than one atmosphere.Such as ion nitriding, ion carburizing, ion sulfur carburizing, with the advantages of fast permeability, [TJC STEEL]good quality, energy saving, etc.
 
Self - Tempering By Induction
Use induction tempering themselves instead of tempering furnace, because is the use of induction heating heat into the hardening layer, heat quenching when not all take away the remnant of the tempering and implementation for short periods of time, thus has high efficiency and energy saving, and in many cases, such as the high carbon steel and high carbon high alloy steel) can avoid quenching cracking, and the advantages of [TJC STEEL]various process parameters can be mass production after confirmation, the economic benefit is remarkable.
 
Use Pre-Heat Quenching After Forging
Preheating quenching after forging can not only reduce heat treatment energy consumption and simplify the production process, but also improve the product performance.
The remaining heat quenching and high temperature tempering [TJC STEEL]after forging as pretreatment, can eliminate hardening in final heat treatment after forging the coarse grains, poor impact toughness of faults, than spheroidizing annealing or general annealing time is short, high productivity, plus high temperature tempering temperature lower than that of annealing and administration work, so can greatly reduce the energy [TJC STEEL]consumption, and simple equipment, easy operation.
Compared with the general normalcy, the residual heat normalcy after forging can not only improve the strength of the steel, but also improve the plasticity and reduce the cold and brittle transition temperature and notch sensitivity. For example, 20CrMnTi steel is cooled at 730 ~ 630℃ at 20℃/h after forging, and good results have been achieved.
 
Surface Quenching Instead Of Carburizing Quenching
The systematic study on the performance (such as static strength, fatigue strength, multiple impact resistance and residual internal stress) of medium and high carbon steel with carbon content of 0.6% ~ 0.8% after high-frequency quenching shows that it is completely possible to replace carburizing quenching with induction hardening part.We use 40Cr steel high frequency quenching to manufacture gearbox gear, instead of the original [TJC STEEL]20CrMnTi steel carburized quenching gear has been successful.
 
Use Partial Heating Instead Of Integral Heating
For some local and technical requirements of parts (such as wear-resisting tooth trunnion, roll diameter, etc.), can use bath heating furnace, induction heating, local heating mode pulse heating, flame heating instead of overall heating, such as box-type furnace can make the appropriate coordination between the friction parts occlusion parts, [TJC STEEL]improve the service life of the parts, and because it is a local heating, so can significantly reduce the quenching distortion and reduce energy consumption.

​NAME -- GRADE (DIN,ASTM) -- OD(mm) -- L(mm) -- WEIGHT(KG)
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45+C -- 6 -- 3000 -- 574
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 6.5 -- 3000 -- 236
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 6.97 -- 3000 -- 198
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+A+C+A+C -- 7 -- 3000 -- 1018
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+A+C+A+C -- 7 -- 3000 -- 644
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45+C -- 7.25 -- 3180 -- 706
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45+C -- 7.25 -- 3180 -- 1074
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+AC+C -- 7.28 -- 2800 -- 472
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C -- 7.28 -- 3000 -- 468
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C -- 7.28 -- 3000 -- 914
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C -- 7.28 -- 3000 -- 912
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C -- 7.28 -- 3000 -- 788
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30tebi+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 512
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 98
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 1186
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 870
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 640
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 968
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 782
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 1004
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRG2C+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 170
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRG2C+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 620
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRG2C+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 196
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRC+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 470
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 42CrMoS4QT+C -- 8.11 -- 3000 -- 1020
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 42CrMoS4QT+C -- 8.11 -- 3000 -- 1020
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 44SMn28+C -- 8.18 -- 3185 -- 1068
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 46S20C -- 8.18 -- 3000 -- 490
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+AC+C -- 8.18 -- 3100 -- 388
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+AC+C -- 8.18 -- 3100 -- 458
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+AC+C -- 8.18 -- 3100 -- 136
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8.5 -- 3000 -- 310
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 46S20+C -- 8.5 -- 3000 -- 734
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRC+C -- 9 -- 3000 -- 1042
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C10Pb+C -- 9.7 -- 3000 -- 382
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 9.96 -- 3000 -- 84
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 9.98 -- 3000 -- 760
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30 -- 10 -- 3000 -- 394
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 10 -- 3250 -- 202
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 298
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 1118
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 416
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 558
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 564
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 648
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 1072
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRC+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 860
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 10.2 -- 2915 -- 820
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 10.2 -- 2915 -- 1170
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C -- 10.2 -- 3000 -- 512
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 10.2 -- 3000 -- 1110
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 10.2 -- 2915 -- 1052
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 10.2 -- 2915 -- 1084
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 10.2 -- 2915 -- 1170
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 10.2 -- 2915 -- 1072
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 11.5 -- 3000 -- 174
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C10Pb+C -- 11.7 -- 3000 -- 366
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C10Pb+C -- 11.7 -- 3000 -- 674
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 12 -- 3250 -- 1104
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 12 -- 3000 -- 404
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 12 -- 3000 -- 186
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 12 -- 3000 -- 638
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 12 -- 3250 -- 262
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15CSL -- 12 -- 3000 -- 366
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15CSL -- 12 -- 3000 -- 230
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 12.1 -- 3000 -- 662
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teS+C -- 12.3 -- 3000 -- 222
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 12.7 -- 3000 -- 572
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 12.7 -- 3000 -- 1276
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 12.7 -- 3000 -- 1518
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 12.7 -- 3000 -- 600
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 13 -- 3000 -- 442
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 13 -- 3000 -- 516
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C+SL -- 13.96 -- 3000 -- 154
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- SAE12L14 -- 14 -- 3600 -- 444
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 14 -- 3000 -- 482
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 14 -- 3000 -- 280
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 14.55 -- 3000 -- 114
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 15 -- 3000 -- 690
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 15 -- 3000 -- 312
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 15 -- 3000 -- 266
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 15.5 -- 3000 -- 258
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 16 -- 3000 -- 460
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30hd+C -- 16 -- 3000 -- 212
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C -- 16 -- 3150 -- 426
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C+SL -- 16.44 -- 3000 -- 1180
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C+SL -- 16.44 -- 3000 -- 1144
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C+SL -- 16.44 -- 3000 -- 700
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C+SL -- 16.44 -- 3000 -- 1070
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 35S20+C -- 16.5 -- 2970 -- 160
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45R+C -- 16.5 -- 3000 -- 754
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 16.95 -- 3000 -- 248
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 16.95 -- 3000 -- 294
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 16.98 -- 3000 -- 208
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 17 -- 3000 -- 178
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 36SMnPb14+C -- 17 -- 3000 -- 1018
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45e+C+SL -- 17 -- 3000 -- 352
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 36SMnPb14+C -- 17 -- 3000 -- 1348
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 36SMnPb14+C -- 17 -- 3000 -- 802
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 19 -- 3000 -- 968
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 19.6 -- 3000 -- 352
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 19.6 -- 3000 -- 486
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 19.8 -- 3000 -- 310
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 19.98 -- 3000 -- 972
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 19.98 -- 3000 -- 750
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 20 -- 3000 -- 360
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 20 -- 3000 -- 336
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15R+C -- 20.3 -- 3000 -- 450
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15R+C -- 20.3 -- 3000 -- 600
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 16MnCrS5+C -- 20.5 -- 3000 -- 612
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 16MnCrS5+C -- 20.5 -- 3000 -- 974
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 16MnCr5+C -- 20.5 -- 3000 -- 746
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 16MnCrS5+C -- 20.5 -- 3000 -- 934
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 21 -- 3000 -- 424
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 21 -- 3000 -- 166
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 21 -- 3000 -- 260
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 21 -- 3000 -- 200
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teS+C -- 21 -- 3000 -- 212
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C10Pb+C -- 21 -- 3000 -- 448
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 682
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 320
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 356
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 316
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 718
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 244
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 1204
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 36SMnPb14+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 654
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15Pb+C -- 22 -- 3000 -- 628
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 26.15 -- 4000 -- 1180
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 26.15 -- 4000 -- 404
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 26.5 -- 4000 -- 1492
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 26.5 -- 4000 -- 1072
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30 -- 27 -- 3000 -- 346
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30 -- 28 -- 3000 -- 1030
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30 -- 31 -- 3000 -- 1060
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 31 -- 3000 -- 780
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 32 -- 3000 -- 582
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 32 -- 3000 -- 560
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 32 -- 3000 -- 910
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30 -- 33 -- 3000 -- 1180
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C12L14+C -- 33.33 -- 3000 -- 1126
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C12L14+C -- 33.33 -- 3000 -- 1078
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30 -- 34 -- 3000 -- 1800
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30 -- 34 -- 3000 -- 1710
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 38 -- 3000 -- 1340
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 39 -- 3000 -- 554
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30hd+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 764
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 906
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 11,5 -- 3000 -- 732
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 12,7 -- 3000 -- 256
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teS+C -- 13 -- 3000 -- 144
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30te+C -- 13 -- 3000 -- 148
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 19,8 -- 3000 -- 382
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C+SL -- 7,99 -- 3000 -- 446
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+teS+C -- 12,5 -- 3000 -- 402
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 296
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8,25 -- 3000 -- 338
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 12,1 -- 3000 -- 404
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 366
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 19,98 -- 3000 -- 1150
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 820
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 16 -- 3000 -- 218
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 15 -- 3000 -- 230
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 15 -- 3000 -- 212
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 374
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 15,3 -- 3000 -- 698
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 12,7 -- 3000 -- 110
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 5 -- 3150 -- 130
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30hd+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 220
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 15 -- 3000 -- 130
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 15 -- 3000 -- 410
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 5,93 -- 3150 -- 320
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 5,91 -- 3150 -- 220
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 232
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 576
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 17 -- 3000 -- 344
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 268
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 16 -- 3000 -- 758
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 14 -- 3000 -- 516
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 11,5 -- 3000 -- 764
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 14 -- 3000 -- 664
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 186
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 10,855 -- 3000 -- 1360
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 814
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 19,05 -- 3000 -- 120
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 302
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 15,5 -- 3000 -- 386
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 11,5 -- 3000 -- 264
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30tebi+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 848
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30tebi+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 400
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 156
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 18 -- 3000 -- 180
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teS+C -- 18 -- 3000 -- 242
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 18 -- 3000 -- 658
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 18 -- 3000 -- 292
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 10 -- 3000 -- 166
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 116
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30teSS+C -- 19 -- 3000 -- 304
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 11,25 -- 3000 -- 414
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 7 -- 3000 -- 226
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMn30+C -- 11,5 -- 3000 -- 394
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 6,97 -- 3000 -- 148
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30tebi+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 460
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30+C -- 8 -- 3000 -- 388
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 11SMnPb30tebi+C -- 9 -- 3000 -- 940
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C10Pb+C -- 14 -- 3000 -- 538
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 46S20+C+SL -- 8 -- 3000 -- 306
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+AC+C -- 12,3 -- 3000 -- 262
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 100Cr6+AC+C -- 12,3 -- 3000 -- 228
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C -- 12 -- 3000 -- 136
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C10Pb+C -- 16 -- 3000 -- 1250
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 46S20+C -- 14 -- 3000 -- 706
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15CSL -- 11 -- 3000 -- 2502
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45+C+SL -- 14 -- 3000 -- 572
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 12,7 -- 3000 -- 1760
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45+C -- 7,25 -- 3180 -- 550
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 35S20+C -- 14,15 -- 3000 -- 290
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15+C+SL -- 5 -- 2990 -- 116
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15Pb+C -- 11,95 -- 3250 -- 1936
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15Pb+C -- 11,95 -- 3250 -- 1438
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15Pb+C -- 11,95 -- 3250 -- 374
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S355J2C+C -- 7,28 -- 3000 -- 826
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15CSL -- 11 -- 3000 -- 2140
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15Pb+C -- 11,95 -- 3250 -- 990
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C45Pb+C -- 11,8 -- 3000 -- 134
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- 15S10+C -- 11,2 -- 3000 -- 594
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRG2C+C -- 11,9 -- 3000 -- 150
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- C15CSL -- 11 -- 3000 -- 1302
ALLOY ROUND BAR -- S235JRG2C+C -- 12 -- 3000 -- 544

As industrial raw materials, metal materials of the same brand, different production methods, product performance is different.For example, strip has hot rolling and cold rolling, the product surface and mechanical properties are different;There are seamless pipe and welded pipe, production methods are widely different, the applicable[TJC STEEL.] occasions are also different.Therefore, it is necessary to develop special procurement specifications to guide procurement.How to compile the purchase specification of metal material, what matters needing attention?
 
First of all, the factors of procurement must be considered when designing products.
 
The design department selects the appropriate brand according to the actual working conditions of the parts, including the working environment, the stress situation, and the special performance requirements.Relevant information should [TJC STEEL.]be provided to the purchasing department in as much detail as possible. Accurate information transmission will help the purchasing personnel to make inquiries externally.
 
Specifically, the service temperature (high temperature, low temperature or alternating hot and cold), the type and concentration of corrosive media around, whether to withstand vibration, impact, wear, whether there is high speed or high load, mechanical performance requirements, can be magnetic, etc., must be considered factors.
 
In order to improve the reliability, in the candidate materials, we should choose the mature brand under the same working condition as far as possible, in order to reduce the safety risk and guarantee the service life, but also easy to purchase.
 
After the material brand is determined, the engineer [TJC STEEL.]should fully consider the technological performance of the material from the perspective of improving the utilization rate of the metal, and select the appropriate technology from several molding methods such as casting, forging, welding and cutting, so as to reduce the material waste as far as possible and achieve the purpose of reducing cost and increasing efficiency.
 
Normally a Complete Procurement Specification Should Include The Following:
 
01  Material Grades and Standards
The standard includes national standard, American standard, European standard or pressure vessel standard, nuclear power standard, military industry standard and chemical industry standard.Providing standard numbers helps to accurately locate and improve the efficiency of communication with suppliers.
Usually, a material brand will be included in different standards. In most cases, the chemical composition of the same material brand is the same[TJC STEEL.] in different standards. However, due to the evolution of standards and different product forms, the composition may be slightly different, and the performance data are not the same.
 
02 Smelting Method
Common smelting methods: ordinary smelting, induction smelting, electroslag remelting, vacuum arc remelting, etc.Different smelting methods have different manufacturing costs. For example, the cost of vacuum smelting is higher than[TJC STEEL.] that of non-vacuum smelting.
 
03 Dimensions, Quantity and Weight
When ordering bar, sheet, pipe, etc., the length of the part should be stated as far as possible so as to reasonably determine the length of the product to be delivered, such as indefinite, definite, or double length.
When ordering forgings, part drawing should be provided as far as possible to ensure that the supplier has accurate final size and shape in order to develop a reasonable and economical forming process.
There are two methods of weight calculation, theoretical calculation and practical calculation.The adjustment involves density and tolerances.The density is related to the brand, and there are many kinds of metal materials (there are more than 350,000 metal brands in the world). Generally, the density of the material in the[TJC STEEL.] same category is the same, but there are also differences according to the different alloy ratios.Tolerances are related to production capacity and manufacturing method. For example, forging tolerances are relatively large, resulting in that the actual delivered weight of forgings can sometimes differ by 10% or more from the theoretical weight.
The method of receiving goods should be agreed with the supplier.It is generally recommended that the forgings should be delivered in the light state after machining, and the piece-by-piece method of settlement is preferred.
 
04 The Delivery Status
According to the deformation mode: forging state, hot rolling state, cold rolling (drawing) state, etc.The grade of forgings used in pressure [TJC STEEL.]equipment shall be indicated.
According to the heat treatment state: annealing state, solid solution state, solid solution + aging state, etc.Mechanical properties are required and numerical values should be marked.For example, the hardness range of pre-hardened steel should be specified.
According to the surface state: forging blank, pickling state, rough turning state, fine turning state, polishing state, polishing state, etc.
 
05 Performance and Testing Requirements
Conventional detection scope including: chemical composition, mechanical properties at room temperature (e.g., hardness test, tensile test, impact test, etc.), high temperature mechanical properties, metallographic analysis, such as non-metallic inclusions, grain size, etc.), corrosion test (such as intergranular corrosion test, etc.), inspection of tolerances for size, surface defect inspection, nondestructive testing (such as [TJC STEEL.]ultrasonic testing, dye penetrant testing, etc.).
 
06 Identification and Packaging
General identification includes: brand number, batch number, name, dimension specification.If there is a special part identification number, it should be specified when ordering.
Common identification methods include: [TJC STEEL.]paint pen, spray printing, label paper and steel logo.
Conventional packing: bundling, wooden cases, simple pallets, etc.
 

​Why do we think titanium alloy is a refractory material?Due to the lack of in-depth understanding of its processing mechanism and phenomenon.
 
1. Physical Phenomena Of Titanium Processing
The machining force of titanium alloy is only slightly higher than that of steel of the same hardness, but the physical phenomenon of [TJC STEEL]machining titanium alloy is much more complicated than that of machining steel, so the machining of titanium alloy is faced with great difficulties.
Most titanium alloys have very low thermal conductivity, only 1/7 of that of steel and 1/16 of that of aluminum.Therefore, in the process of cutting of titanium alloy heat will not quickly passed to the workpiece or taken away by chip, and[TJC STEEL] agglomeration in cutting area, the temperature can be as high as 1000 ℃ above, make the cutter blade rapid wear, cracks, and generate the devolop tumor, rapid wear of the blade, and make the cutting area produces more heat and further shorten the life of cutting tools.
The high temperature in the cutting process also destroys the surface integrity of titanium alloy parts, which leads to the decrease of geometrical [TJC STEEL]accuracy of the parts and the severe work hardening phenomenon that reduces their fatigue strength.
The elasticity of titanium alloys may be beneficial to the performance of the parts, but the elastic deformation of the workpiece is an important cause of vibration in the cutting process.The cutting pressure causes the "elastic" workpiece to leave the tool and bounce back, so that the friction phenomenon between the tool and the workpiece [TJC STEEL]is greater than the cutting action.The friction process also produces heat, aggravating the poor thermal conductivity of titanium alloys.
This problem becomes more serious when machining thin-walled or annular parts, and it is not easy to process thin-walled titanium alloy parts to the expected dimensional accuracy.As the workpiece material is pushed away by the tool, the local deformation of the thin wall has exceeded the elastic range and produced plastic deformation, the strength and hardness of the cutting point material are obviously added.At this point, machining at the previously determined cutting speed becomes too high, further leading to rapid tool wear and tear.
 
2. Process Tips Of Titanium Alloy
On the basis of understanding the processing mechanism of titanium alloy and adding the previous experience, the main process tips of[TJC STEEL] titanium alloy processing are as follows:
 
(1)The product adopts the positive Angle geometric shape of the blade, in order to reduce the cutting force, cutting heat and workpiece deformation.
(2) Adhere to a constant feed to avoid hardening of the workpiece, the tool should always be in the feed state during the cutting process, the radial draft AE should be 30% of the radius of the milling.
(3) The use of high pressure and large flow of cutting fluid to ensure the thermal stability of the processing process, to prevent too high [TJC STEEL]temperature resulting in the workpiece surface denaturation and tool damage.
(4)If the blade edge is sharp, blunt tool is the cause of hot assembly and wear, easy to lead to tool failure.
(5) as far as possible in the titanium alloy in the most soft state processing, due to the hardened material becomes more difficult to process, heat treatment to improve the strength of the material and add the wear of the blade.
(6)Use a large tip arc radius or chamfer cut, as much as possible into the blade into the cutting.This reduces the cutting force and heat at each point and prevents local damage.When milling titanium alloy, the cutting speed has the [TJC STEEL]greatest influence on tool life VC, followed by radial draft (milling depth) AE.
 
3. Start With The Blade To Deal With The Titanium Processing Problem
The blade groove wear in titanium alloy processing is the local wear behind and in front along the direction of cutting depth, it is often due to the early processing left by the hardened layer formed.The chemical reaction and diffusion between the tool and the workpiece material at the processing temperature of over 800℃ is also one of the causes of trench wear.During the machining process, titanium molecules of the workpiece accumulate in the front of the blade and are "welded" to the blade under high pressure and temperature, forming a chip tumor.When the chip is removed from the blade, the carbide coating of the blade is taken away, so titanium alloy processing requires special blade material and geometry.
 
4. Tool Structure Suitable For Titanium Processing
Titanium alloy processing focus is heat, a lot of high [TJC STEEL]pressure cutting fluid to timely and accurate injection to the cutting edge, can quickly remove the heat.There are special milling cutter structures for titanium alloy processing on the market.

Chromium bronze is a copper alloy in which 0.4%~1.2% chromium is added to copper and chromium is the main alloy component.The addition of chromium can obviously improve the recrystallization temperature and thermal strength [TJC STEEL]of the alloy, so chromium bronze is widely used as heat-resistant copper alloy in industry.C18200 is the chrome bronze symbol.

 Standards:
CHINA GB/T 5231-2001 QCr1 C18200
GB/T 5231-2012 TCr1 C18200
AMERICA MIL-C-19311B-1973 No.182
ASTM F9-1986 C18200  [TJC STEEL]
GERMANY DIN CEN/TS 13388:2008 CuCr1 CW105C

 Chemicals(%):
GRADE TCr1 No.182 CuCr1
Cr 0.6~1.2 0.6~1.2 0.5~1.2
Si ≤0.10 ≤0.10 ≤0.10
Fe ≤0.10 ≤0.10 ≤0.08
Pb ≤0.05 ≤0.05 —  [TJC STEEL]
Cu Rest Rema Rest
Others ≤0.75 -- ≤0.20
a：Cu+所列出成分综合≥99.5%

 Properties& Characteristics:
(1)The conductivity of solid solution treatment is 45%IACS, after aging treatment, it rises to 80%IACS.
(2)The aging treatment can withstand 400℃ high temperature, [TJC STEEL]which is twice that of cold processed copper.
(3)High strength, high hardness.

Applications:
After cold processing and aging treatment, C18200 can significantly improve the strength, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. [TJC STEEL]As a double 80 copper alloy with electrical conductivity and hardness, C18200 is widely used in the manufacture of wear-resistant parts under high temperature conductive environment, electrodes in welding industry, high-voltage switch contacts, robot conductive arms, etc..

​F55 is a kind of super duplex stainless steel, superior to the 2205 in overall performance."Super" refers to the high alloying of its components. Compared with other duplex stainless steels, the high alloying of super duplex steels mainly [TJC STEEL]refers to high molybdenum and nitrogen.

National Standard
CHINA GB/T 20878-2007 022Cr25Ni7Mo4WCuN
GB/T 21833-2008 S27603
GB/T 31303-2014 [TJC STEEL]
AMERICA ASTM A182-2006 F55，S32760
GEMANY DIN EN 10088-1:2005 X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4
1.4501

Component Specification (%)
GRADE S27603* F55* 1.4501
C ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Si ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00
Mn ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.035
S ≤0.010 ≤0.010 ≤0.015
Cr 24.00~26.00 24.00~26.00 24.00~26.00
Ni 6.00~8.00 6.00~8.00 6.00~8.00
Mo 3.00~4.00 3.00~4.00 3.00~4.00
W 0.50~1.00 0.50~1.00 0.50~1.00
Cu 0.50~1.00 0.50~1.00 0.50~1.00
N 0.20~0.30[TJC STEEL] 0.20~0.30 0.20~0.30

* : PREN = % Cr Mo + 16 x % N + 3.3 x % of 40 or higher
Commercial Brand
Rolled Alloys Zeron 100
Industeel UR2507W
Nippon Yakin NAS 75N
BÖHLER A911SA
Sandvik SAF 32760™
Mannesmann DMV 25.7 N

Characteristics Performance 
(1) Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, resistance to various inorganic acids and organic acids, excellent resistance to non-oxidizing acid corrosion, strong alkali [TJC STEEL]corrosion.
(2) good weldability, excellent mechanical properties, can reduce the weight of the structure, with design advantages.
(3) In the working temperature above 300℃ for a long time service, the toughness of the material will decline significantly.
❒ applications
F55 has been included in the specification for metal materials and ASME boilers and pressure vessels resistant to sulphide stress [TJC STEEL]cracking for NACE MR 0175 oil field equipment. Its applicable temperature is below 315 ° C. Its main applications include: submarine pipelines, flue gas desulfurization, osmotic desalination equipment, sulfuric acid plants, and fasteners for Marine engineering.