​HRC (Rockwell hardness), an academic concept put forward by S.P.Rockwell in 1921, is the hardness value of metal materials measured by rockwell [TJC STEEL]hardness tester.  This value has no unit and is represented only by the code "HR".  
HV- Suitable for microscopic analysis.  Vickers hardness (HV) is obtained by pressing the material surface with a load of less than 120kg and [TJC STEEL]a square cone diamond inset with a tip Angle of 136°. The load value is divided by the surface area of the material indentation pit, which is the Vickers hardness (HV).  
 
 
Additional Information:  
A, hardness HRC standard: Rockwell hardness HRA, HRB, HRC in A, B, C for three different standards.  They are called [TJC STEEL]rulers A, B and C.  
1, HRA is the hardness obtained by 60Kg load and 120° diamond cone pressing device, used for high hardness materials.  For example, cemented carbide.  
2. HRB is the hardness obtained by using 100Kg load and 1.59mm diameter hardened steel ball for medium hardness materials.  [TJC STEEL]For example: annealed steel, cast iron, etc.  
3, HRC is the hardness obtained by 150Kg load and 120° diamond cone pressing device, used for high hardness materials.  For example, hardened steel.  
Two, hardness HRC related introduction:  
This value has no unit and is represented only by the code "HR".  Hardness is the ability of a material to resist penetration.  The most common way to test the hardness of steel is to use a file on the edge of the workpiece and determine its hardness by the depth of the scratches on the surface.  This method is called filing, and it's not very scientific.  
Hardness tester is very accurate to test, is a common method of modern hardness test.  The most common test is the Rockwell[TJC STEEL] hardness test.  Rockwell hardness tester uses the depth of the diamond into the metal to determine the hardness of the metal, the deeper the depth, the less hardness.  

15CrMoR steel plate is used for pressure vessel.  It is a kind of medium temperature hydrogen resistant steel, 15CrMoR is Chinese grade name, [TJC STEEL]which is equivalent with EN10028-2 13CrMo4-5 alloy steel.
 
Chinese Name:  
15 CrMoR Steel Plate  
Main Application:
Pressure Vessel Building 
Heat Treatment:  
Normalizing and Tempering  
 
15 CrMoR Steel Plate  
"15" is 0.15% of the carbon content  
"Cr" is the composition contains a certain chemical element - chromium  
"Mo" is the composition contains a [TJC STEEL]certain chemical element - molybdenum  
"R" is the first letter of the container  
15CrMoR, heat treatment is often adopted as normalizing and tempering  
When under the temperature of 550℃, 15CrMoR has high durable strength.  

Chemical Composition(%):

15CrMoR
C Si Mn P S Cr Mo
0.12～0.18 0.15～0.40 0.40～0.70 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 0.80～1.20 0.45～0.60

Mechanical Property:
Steel Plate Status Mechanical and[TJC STEEL] Cold Bend Properties
T（mm) Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation(%) Tem Impact Test Value Cold Bending Test 180 °b=2a
N+T 6～60 450-590 ≥295 ≥19 20 ≥31 d=3a
>60～100 ≥275
>100-150 440-580 ≥255

Mechanical Property Under High Temperature:
Steel Plate Status T(MM) Yield Strength Under Different Tem(no less than) [TJC STEEL]
Steel Plate Status 20～60 240 225 210 200 189 179 174
>60～100 220 210 196 186 176 167 162
>60～150 210 199 185 175 165 156 150

​CHINA GRADE：00Cr20Ni18Mo6CuN
INTERNATIONAL GRADE：254SMO
ASTM GRADE：UNS S31254
EU GRADE：W.-Nr. 1.4547
 
ASTM STANDARD：ASTM A240/ASME SA-240[TJC STEEL]、ASTM A276、ASTM A182/ASME SA-182、ASTM A312/ASMES A312
 
254SMO is one kind of super austenitic stainless steel. Because of its high molybdenum content, it has high resistance to spot corrosion and crevice corrosion.  This brand of stainless steel has been developed for use in halide containing environments such as sea water.  254SMO also has good resistance to uniform corrosion.  Especially in the acid containing halide, the steel is superior to ordinary stainless steel.  Its C contains <0.03%, so called pure austenitic stainless steel (<0.01% is also called super austenitic stainless steel).  Super stainless steel is a kind of special stainless steel, first of all, different from ordinary stainless steel in chemical composition, refers to a kind of high alloy stainless steel [TJC STEEL]containing high nickel, high chromium, high molybdenum.  One of the more famous steels is 254SMo containing 6%Mo. This kind of steel has very good local corrosion resistance, and has good pitting resistance (PI≥40) and good stress corrosion resistance under the condition of seawater, aeration, crevice and low-speed scouring. It is the substitute material for Ni-based alloy and titanium alloy.  Secondly, in the performance of high temperature resistance or corrosion resistance, has more excellent high temperature resistance or corrosion resistance, is irreplaceable 304 stainless steel.  In addition, from the classification of stainless steel, special stainless steel metallographic structure is a stable austenite metallographic structure.  
 
Because this special stainless steel is a kind of high alloy material, so in the manufacturing process is quite complex, generally people can only rely on the traditional process to make this special stainless steel, such as perfusion, forging, calendering and so on.  
Main ingredients: 254 smo carbon (C) 0.02 or less, manganese (Mn) of 1.00 or less, nickel (Ni) 17.5 ~ 18.5, silicon (Si) of 0.8 or less phosphorus [TJC STEEL](P) of 0.03 or less, sulfur (S) of 0.01 or less, chromium (Cr) 19.5 ~ 20.5, copper (Cu) 0.5 ~ 1.0, molybdenum (Mo) 6.0 ~ 6.5  
National standards: UNS S31254, DIN/EN 1.4547, ASTM A280, ASME SA-240  
Supporting welding material: ErnicRMO-3 wire, ENICRMO-3 electrode  
 
Application Areas:  
1. Ocean: Marine construction of Marine environment, seawater desalination, mariculture, seawater heat exchange, etc.  
2. Environmental protection: thermal power plant flue gas desulfurization device, wastewater treatment, etc.  
3. Energy: nuclear power generation, [TJC STEEL]comprehensive utilization of coal, tidal power generation, etc.  
4. Petrochemical industry: refining, chemical and chemical equipment, etc.  
5. Food: salt making, soy sauce brewing, etc.  
6. High concentration of chloride ion environment: paper industry, various bleaching devices  
 
High Temperature Resistance: 
1. Extensive field experiments and extensive experience in use have shown that 254SMO has very high create-corrosion resistance in seawater, even at slightly higher temperatures, and only a few types of stainless steel have this property.  
2. The corrosion resistance of 254SMO in acidic and oxidizing halide solutions, such as those used in paper bleaching, is comparable to[TJC STEEL] that of nickel base alloys and titanium alloys, which are the most resistant.  
3. Due to its high nitrogen content, 254SMO has higher mechanical strength than other types of austenitic stainless steels.  In addition, 254SMO has high ductility and impact strength as well as good weldability.  
4. The high molybdenum content of 254SMO enables it to have a higher oxidation rate during annealing, resulting in a rougher surface after pickling than ordinary stainless steel.  But this has no adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the steel.  
 
Chemical Composition for 254SMO, UNS S31254 Super Austenitice Stainless Steel:
C≤0.02
Mn≤1.0
P≤0.040
S≤0.030
Si ≤0.8
Cr 19.5-20.5
Ni 17.5-18.5
Mo 6.0-6.5
N 0.18-0.20
铈Ce:0.03-0.08[TJC STEEL]
 
254SMO Density：8.24g/cm3， Melting Point：1320-1390 ℃，Magnetism：None, Hardness：182-223（HB）
 
 

Mould copper tube is an accessory used for casting steel caster, which is caused by molten steel directly cast in mould copper tube.  In order to solve the working process of the copper pipe and the cooling of the solidified shell alternately contact and separation, crystallizer copper tube for bending to one side of a square or rectangular copper pipe, copper pipe inner cavity from top to bottom mouth for conical, copper[TJC STEEL] pipe inner cavity from top to bottom mouth for taper section of the double cone or three or more cone cone, or parabolic shape of inner chamber, in or on the part of the taper is greater than the lower segment or part of the taper.  Preferably the taper of the face is greater than that of the arc.  Avoid the air gap between the blank shell and the inner wall of the copper tube in the process of work, more in line with the change law of the shrinkage of the blank shell.  
 
High Efficiency Square Billet Caster Mould Copper Tube  
The shape of mould copper tube in high efficiency billet caster is designed according to the solidification characteristics of continuous casting billet.  Two aspects are mainly considered: first, due to the high heat flow density and heat concentration near the meniscus, the amount of heat deformation of the copper tube of mold[TJC STEEL] is heated.  The second is the shrinkage of billet shell in the solidification process.  The design principle is that the mold copper tube cavity shape is consistent with the law of solidification shell shrinkage, reduce the air gap thermal resistance.  
 
 
Characteristics Of Copper Tube Of Explosive Mold  
Mold copper tube with taper can be made by imitation processing or pressure forming method with inner core and outer mold. Imitation processing will destroy the copper structure and affect the service life. Special processing equipment is needed to process complex taper, which increases the manufacturing cost.  [TJC STEEL]Pressure molding will produce larger cutting head and tail, copper recovery rate is low.  The explosive mold copper tube can be made into multi-taper and small corner of the inner cavity, which is especially conducive to the repair of the scrapped old mold.  
 
Main Characteristics Of Copper Tube Material Of High Efficiency Continuous Casting Mould  
High efficiency continuous casting crystallization equipment quality requirements are good thermal conductivity, high recrystallization temperature, thermal fatigue resistance, high strength, good wear resistance, long service life, high efficiency continuous casting mold copper tube material is the main characteristics of the copper tube material is the best comprehensive performance of the above performance.  
 
Introduction of Mold:  
 
Hot Top Crystallizer/ Mold:  
The surface quality of the cast billet is largely determined by the uniformity of the green shell at the meniscus surface, and the uniformity of [TJC STEEL]the green shell brightness is determined by the uniformity of heat flux and heat transfer at the meniscus surface.  The high heat flux density and the rapid growth of the green shell will increase the depth of vibration mark, and at the same time make the green shell shrink in advance, and enhance the uneven thickness of the green shell.  Local depression, coarsening of the structure, obvious crack sensitivity.  Therefore, low thermal conductivity materials are embedded in the meniscus area of the crystallizer to reduce the heat flow density and delay the shrinkage of the billet shell, that is, the hot top crystallizer.  The experimental results show that the casting speed of low carbon steel is 1.3m/min, and the heat flux at menscus [TJC STEEL]is 2MW/m2 for common mold and 0.5MW/m2 for hot top mold.  The heat flow is reduced by 75% and the vibration mark is reduced by 30%, and the surface quality is improved obviously.  
 
 
 
Spray Crystallizer:
Spray mold is to spray water cooling instead of pipe mold isolation joint, that is, spray water from the nozzle directly sprayed onto the copper tube of mold to achieve cooling.  The cooling efficiency is high and the water saving effect is remarkable.  Spray mold structure is simple, low sealing requirements, to avoid the water slot mold copper pipe corner cooling strength is not adjustable, cooling strength is relatively weak, temperature distribution is not uniform and other problems.  Spray mould has been widely used in billet caster.  Theoretically, spray mold can use common cooling water, but in the production practice, the fouling, nozzle blockage and other problems caused by accidents affect the use of spray mold.  
 
"Slotted" Crystallizer:  
"Slotted" mold and spray mold are tube mold.  "Water slot type" crystallizer is composed of copper tube of crystallizer and a water sleeve, which is cooled by water slot formed between copper tube of crystallizer and water sleeve. [TJC STEEL] "Water slot type" crystallizer is stable in use and not easy to block.  At present, the mold with narrow water slit less than 4mm is widely used in efficient continuous casting to improve the flow rate of cooling water and cooperate with parabolic taper copper pipe, which has achieved good results.  
 
Slab On-Line Broadening Crystallizer:  
In order to meet the needs of producing various specifications of billets and shorten the time of mold replacement, mold width adjustment can be adjusted online.  The slab online width-adjusting mold means that the two narrow edges of the mold can move inward or outward in small steps for many times until the width is adjusted to a predetermined width, and the width of the mold can be adjusted in the production process.  In order to produce billets of various specifications, the width of the mold has to be changed.  Mould on-line width adjustment can continuously cast billets of different width and size, saving downtime and improving production efficiency;  It can reduce the loss of [TJC STEEL]cutting head and tail of billet and improve the yield.  Molten steel of similar composition can be cast without stopping.  
 
Explosively Formed Mold Water Jacket:  
With the development of high efficiency continuous casting, high efficiency narrow slot water jacket mold has been widely used at home and abroad.  The precision and form of the guide water jacket are highly required for narrow slot water jacket mold.  The deviation of water joints on four sides of mold will have a great influence on water velocity, resulting in uneven cooling on four sides.  It is difficult to completely [TJC STEEL]eliminate the influence of welding seam when machining mould water jacket by welding after machining or welding after extrusion.  The mould water jacket by explosion forming has the characteristics of no weld machining and high manufacturing accuracy.  Foreign stainless steel water jacket is made by explosive forming process.  
 
 
Mold Level Detection Method:
The common methods of mold level detection are eddy current method, electromagnetic induction method, thermocouple method, infrared method, radioactive source method and so on.  At present, the most [TJC STEEL]widely used method is cobalt 60 or cesium 137 radioactive source detection method.  
 
 

ASTM A423/ A423M standard contains three grades which are Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, determines minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and electric- resistance [TJC STEEL]welded, low-alloy steel tubes for pressure containing parts such as economizers or other applications where corrosion resistance is important.
 
Seamless or Welded Pipes/ Tubes’ sizes and thicknesses under standard of ASTM A423/ A423M are 12.7 to 127mm( outside diameter) and 0.9 to 12.7mm( thickness). When seamless type, the producing process would be hot finished or cold finished. [TJC STEEL]Heat treatment would be Normalized or other relevant heat treatments necessary to conform purchasing requirements.
 
Chemical Composition of A423 Grade 1, A423 Grade 2, A423 Grade 3(%):
A423Gr1:
C: 0.15
Mn: 0.55 max
P: 0.06-0.16
S: 0.060
Si: 0.10 min
Cu: 0.20-0.60
Cr: 0.24-1.31
Ni: 0.20-0.70[TJC STEEL]
Mo: -
Sb: -
 
A423Gr2:
C: 0.15
Mn: 0.50-1.00
P: 0.04 max
S: 0.05
Si: -
Cu: 0.30-1.00
Cr: -
Ni: 0.40-1.10
Mo: - 0.10 min
Sb: -
 
A423Gr3:
C: 0.06
Mn: 0.70-1.40
P: 0.020 max
S: 0.020
Si: 0.55 max
Cu: 0.25-0.45[TJC STEEL]
Cr: -
Ni: 0.50 max
Mo: 0.20 max
Sb: 0.05-0.15
 
Mechanical Properties:
 
A423Gr1, A423Gr2:
Tensile Strength(MPa): 415 min
Yield Strength(MPa): 255 min
Elongation(%): 25 min
 
A423Gr3:
Tensile Strength(MPa): 380
Yield Strength(MPa): 230
Elongation(%) : 35
 
Want more infos about ASTM A423Gr1, A423Gr2, A423Gr3 Seamless Pipe, Electric- Welded ERW Pipe, pls contact info@tjcsteel.com.
 
 

N08120 Alloy/ HAYNES HR120 is one kind of alloys with extremely high temperature strength and anti-carburizing and anti-curing. N08120 Alloy has good resistance to industrial environment performing with solid solution strengthened heat resistant. Besides, this alloy offers excellent oxidation resistance and is comparable to any of the widely used Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, such as 300 series stainless steel, 800H [TJC STEEL]and 800HT.  Its strength is significantly higher at 1095°C, even compared to ni-Cr alloy.  N08120 Alloy/ HAYNES HR120 can be formed by cold and hot processing. When welding, Hastelloy X or HAYNES 556 cases are selected as welding materials according to the performance requirements.  
 
N08120/ HAYNES HR120 Alloy’s oxidation resistance is comparable to that of other widely used Fe-Ni-Cr materials (such as 330 and 800H alloys), but still has high strength at temperatures up to 2000ºF (1095ºC) degrees.  [TJC STEEL]It is significantly higher even when compared to Ni-Cr alloy.  The alloy is usually welded using a HAYNES 556 filler wire.  

Chemical Composition（%）
C（%）：0.02~0.10
Si（%）：≤1.00
Mn（%）：≤1.50
P（%）≤：0.035
S（%）≤：0.030
Cr（%）：23.0~27.0
Ni（%）：35.0~39.0
Mo（%）：≤2.50
Nb（%）：0.40~0.90
Ti（%）：≤0.20
Cu（%）：≤0.50
Al（%）：≤0.40
N（%）：0.15~0.30
B（%）：≤0.010

Physical Property：

GRADE DATA
HAYNES HR120 ROOM TEM 1000℃
DENSITY 8.07
MELTING POINT/℃ 1300
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY/[W/(m.k)] 11.4 28
THERMAL DIFFUSION /(cm²/s) 30.4*0.01 50.7*0.01
MASSIC HEAT CAPACITY/[J(KG.K][TJC STEEL] 476 663
ELASTICITY MODULUS/GPa 197 128
THERMAL EXPANSIVITY /[m/(M.℃] 14.3 17.8

Mechanical Property：
GRADE DATA/MPa
HAYNES HR120 ROOM TEM 1000℃
TENSILE STRENGTH 734 104
YIELD STRENGTH[TJC STEEL] 314 62.7
ELONGATION 50% 89%

​S690Q is used in the manufacture of low temperature resistant, high strength key components, construction machinery, mining machinery structure, etc., [TJC STEEL]is a high strength structural steel plate.  
 
Execution Standard  
GB/T16270-2009  
 
Mechanical Properties
Yield strength σ0.2 ≥690-≥650 MPa  
 
Relevant Series Steels with S690Q
S590Q, S690Q, S690Q, S690QL,[TJC STEEL] S690QL1, WQ690D, Q550D, WQ590D, WH70Q, WDB620E, WH785E  
 
Chemical Composition  
Element content - [maximum %]  
The maximum values of Cu, Mo, Nb, Ni, Ti, V and Zr are 0.50, 0.70, 0.06, 2.0, 0.05, 0.12 and 0.15 respectively[TJC STEEL]  
 
Execution Standard  
EN10025-6, GB/T16270-2009  
 
Application
S690Q is used in the manufacture of low temperature resistant, high strength key components, construction machinery, mining machinery structure, etc., is a high strength structural steel plate.  
 
Mechanical Properties
S690Q: yield strength σ0.2 ≥690-≥650 MPa, S690Q: tensile strength σ B 770-940mpa, S690Q: elongation ≥14 δ 5%, S690Q: [TJC STEEL]-20℃V type impact energy longitudinal ≥30J.  

Delivery Status: Controlled rolling or Normalizing.  
Material: A573Gr70.  
Grade: A573Gr58, A573Gr65, A573Gr70, three quality grades.  
Implementation Standard: American[TJC STEEL] Society for Materials and Testing standard, ASTM A573/A573M.  
Technical Conditions: the chemical composition and mechanical properties of this steel are omitted. When ordering, additional impact, flaw detection, Z direction, composition control and performance requirements beyond the [TJC STEEL]standard can be added.  

Chemical Composition:(%)
Element Max %
C 0.27-0.28
Mn 0.85-1.20
P 0.035
S 0.004
Si[TJC STEEL] 0.15-0.40

Mechanical Property:
A573Gr70 Tensile Strength Mpa Yield Strength Mpa Elongation, Min %,A
485-620 290 18

Application:
Carbon - Fierce - Silicon steel [TJC STEEL]plate is mainly used to improve notch toughness at room temperature.  

​SCM435 has high static strength, impact toughness and high fatigue limit, higher hardenability than 40Cr, high creep strength and durable strength at high temperature, long-term working temperature can reach 500℃;  [TJC STEEL]Cold deformation plastic medium, poor weldability.  Important structural parts used for working under high load, such as transmission parts of vehicles and engines;  Turbine generator rotor, spindle, heavy load transmission shaft, large section parts.  
 
 
Species  
Alloy Structural Steel: SCM435  
Implementation Standard: JIS G4053-2008  
 
Chemical Composition of SCM435  
C: 0.33 ~ 0.38 Si: 0.15 ~ 0.35  
Manganese Mn: 0.60 ~ 0.90  
Sulfur S: Allowable [TJC STEEL]residual content ≤0.030  
Phosphorus P: Allowable residual content ≤0.030  
Cr: 0.90 ~ 1.20  
Nickel Ni: Permissible residual content ≤0.25  
Cu Cu: Permissible residual content ≤0.30  
Mo: 0.15 ~ 0.30  
 
SCM435 Standard  
SCM435 standard :SCM435 [TJC STEEL]is the Japanese standard (JIS G4053-2008) steel, the domestic corresponding steel 35CrMo  
 
SCM435 Hardness  
The hardness of SCM435 is HRC36 ~ 43, HB269 ~ 341  
 
Mechanical Properties of SCM435 
Tensile Strength (MPa) : ≥985(100)  
Yield Strength σs (MPa) : ≥835(85)  
Elongation δ5 (%) : ≥12  
Section Shrinkage rate ψ (%) : ≥45  
Impact Energy Akv (J) : ≥63  
Impact Toughness αkv (J/cm²)  A: 78 (8) or  
Hardness: 229 hb or less  
Sample Size: [TJC STEEL]sample blank size is 25mm  
 
Heat Treatment Specification  
Heat Treatment Specification: quenching 850℃, oil cooling;  Tempering 550℃, water cooling, oil cooling.  
Delivery Status: heat treatment (normalizing, annealing or high temperature tempering) or no heat treatment, delivery [TJC STEEL]status should be indicated in the contract.  Annealing no.1 "annealing at 760±10℃, furnace cooling to 400℃ air cooling.  
HB220-230  
860±10℃ normalize, air cooling out of the oven.  
Quenching water or oil (depending on the complexity of product type), 680-700 degrees tempering.  HB<217  
Quenching oil at 840±10℃ and then tempering at 470 ℃.  HRC41-45  
Quenching oil at 840±10℃ and then tempering at 480 ℃.  HRC35-45  
Tempering +tempering No.8 quenching oil at 850℃ and tempering at 510 ℃.  HRC38-42  
Tempering +tempering No.9 quenching oil at 850℃ and then tempering at 500 ℃.  HRC40-43  
Tempering +tempering [TJC STEEL]No.10 quenching oil at 850℃ and tempering at 510℃.  HRC36-42  
Quenching oil at 850℃ and then tempering at 560℃.  HRC32-36  
Oil quenching at 860℃ and tempering at 390 ℃.  HRC48-52  
 

SCM440 is a commonly used steel for the production of high strength fasteners. The products have the advantages of stable composition, low harmful elements, high purity of steel, small decarburization layer, [TJC STEEL]less surface defects and so on. When used, it is easy to conduct spherospherification annealing, low cold heading cracking rate, stable heat treatment quality, uniform hardness, widely used in the engine, mold and other industries.  
 
Material Name: Alloy Structural Steel  
Brand: SCM440(Japanese [TJC STEEL]brand, see JIS G4053-2008, similar to Chinese brand 42CrMo)  
Corresponding: 42 crmo4  
Features and Scope of Application:  
It is a medium hardenability steel. After heat treatment, it has good strength and comprehensive mechanical properties, good technology and high yield.  The highest operating temperature is 427℃.  Used as steam turbine fasteners.  
 
Characteristics and Application  
1. Good quenching, deep quenching can be carried out, rather than the surface quenching of anti-saw lock on the market  
2. Less tendency to temper brittleness  
3. High temperature [TJC STEEL]processing, beautiful after processing  
4. Good welding performance  
5 impact absorption performance is good, hammer hit up will have a rebound feeling, can not be violent damage advantages:  
(1) Good processability  
(2) Good shock absorption performance  
(3) Easy to weld  
 
Chemical Composition  
0.38 0.43 C  
Si, 0.15 to 0.35  
Mn, 0.60 to 0.85  
P 0.03 or less  
S 0.03 or less  
Cu 0.30 or less  
Ni 0.25 or less  
Cr 0.90 to 1.20  
MO, 0.15 to 0.30  
Ni 0.25 or less  
Cu 0.30 or less  
 
Mechanical properties of SCM440  
Tensile strength σb (MPa) : ≥1080(110) Yield [TJC STEEL]strength σs (MPa) : ≥930(95)  
Elongation δ5 (%) : ≥12  
Section shrinkage rate ψ (%) : ≥45  
Impact energy Akv (J) : ≥63  
Impact toughness αkv (J/cm²)  A: 78 (8) or  
Hardness: 217 hb or less  
Sample size: sample blank size is 25mm  
 
Heat Treatment Specification and Metallographic Structure  
Heat treatment specification: 880℃,1h oil quenching, 650-680 ℃, 2H tempering, air cooling.  
Metallographic structure: tempered martensite.  
 
Heat treatment Process  
Annealing no.1 "annealing at 760±10℃, furnace cooling to 400℃ air cooling.  
HB220-230  
860±10℃ normalize, air cooling out of the oven.  
Quenching water or oil (depending on the complexity of product type), 680-700 degrees tempering.  HB<217  
Quenching oil at 840±10℃ and then tempering at 470 ℃.  HRC41-45  
Quenching oil at 840±10℃ and then tempering at 480 ℃.  HRC35-45  
Tempering +tempering No.8 quenching oil at 850℃ and tempering at 510 ℃.  HRC38-42  
Tempering +tempering No.9 [TJC STEEL]quenching oil at 850℃ and then tempering at 500 ℃.  HRC40-43  
Tempering +tempering No.10 quenching oil at 850℃ and tempering at 510℃.  HRC36-42  
Quenching oil at 850℃ and then tempering at 560℃.  HRC32-36  
SCM440  
Oil quenching at 860℃ and tempering at 390 ℃.  HRC48-52 42 crmo round rods  
 

​Cold rolling refers to a material processing method in which the material is forged at normal temperature to make the thickness of the material gradually reduce.  The raw material of cold rolling is generally steel coil after heat treatment of[TJC STEEL] hot rolling.  In the process of cold rolling, the metastable austenite structure will undergo strain-induced martensitic transformation, which makes the strength and hardness of the steel increase, and the plasticity decrease, resulting in obvious work hardening.  
 
With the increase of forging passes, the total deformation rate of forging increases, the work hardening effect becomes more and more obvious, and the material becomes more and more hard.  Under the conventional heat treatment, the strength and hardness of the nickel-based superalloy are lower, and the plasticity is better, which is [TJC STEEL]good for forging.  If the superalloy is cold-rolled directly without heat treatment, the cost of material production can be greatly reduced.  The strength of the heat treated and hot rolled superalloys was analyzed, the test rolling process parameters were determined, and the mechanical properties of the test rolled products were compared.  
 
Feasibility analysis of direct cold rolling of superalloy without heat treatment  
 
1.1 Mechanical property analysis  
 
Samples of Hastelloy alloy in hot rolled state and hot rolled state were taken in production site, and the mechanical properties were tested and the results were compared.  Comparing the mechanical properties of the hot-rolled and hot-rolled nickel-based alloys, it can be seen that the average yield strength of the hot-rolled alloys [TJC STEEL]is 80.9 MPa higher, the average tensile strength is 40.7 MPa higher and the elongation is 5.7% lower than that of the hot-rolled alloys.  
 
From the point of view of mechanical properties, the strength of hot rolled nickel-based alloy plate has little difference before and after heat treatment, the hardening process of hot rolled material without heat treatment is a little faster [TJC STEEL]than that of heat treatment, but it is not obvious, and the load of cold rolling equipment has little change.  
 
Metallographic microstructure analysis The hot rolled and hot rolled nickel-based alloys were sampled, polished and corroded with HCl-FeCl3 solution.  It can be seen from the figure that the superalloy grains have completely recovered to [TJC STEEL]recrystallization after heat treatment.  Partial recovery also occurred in untreated superalloys.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy -1. PNG  
 
The dynamic grain recovery and dynamic recrystallization of Hastelloy alloys occur during hot rolling process, which causes the work [TJC STEEL]hardening to be released continuously.  
 
After hot rolling, because the steel coil still has a high temperature and lasts for a certain period of time in the high temperature state, grain recovery and recrystallization will occur in the material in this state, and the elongated grain will nucleate into equiaxed grain, and part of work hardening can be eliminated by [TJC STEEL]eliminating the microstructure and residual stress formed by the elongated grain.  After hot rolling and air cooling, strip steel has similar characteristics to that after heat treatment.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy -2. PNG  
 
Based on the mechanical properties, work hardening and microstructure, it is considered that the current field Ni-base alloy [TJC STEEL]Hastelloy superalloy can be cold-rolled directly without heat treatment.  
 
Cold rolling test for heat treatment of nickel-based alloy high temperature alloy for cold rolling, cold rolling mill roll system, the rigidity of twenty more roller base mill rolling mill, the forging process by adjusting the supporting roller crown and a middle roller axial control plate shape, putting-in-service proactively ACG system control the thickness of the material, appropriate to increase the flow of forging[TJC STEEL] lubricants at the same time,  To improve the cooling effect of the material in the forging process.  
 
 
Fearing **** passes, 6500 kN pressure, 300 kN higher than the pressure of ordinary heat treatment material, but the deformation rate is 2% lower than the ordinary heat treatment material, the subsequent passes, forging pressure is higher than the ordinary heat treatment material, but the deformation rate is low, the same forging total deformation rate, under the condition of the forging force is [TJC STEEL]not greatly improved,  The coil forged directly without heat treatment has one more forging pass than that of the heat-treated coil, which indicates that the deformation resistance of the hot rolled material without heat treatment is greater.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy -3. PNG  
 
The two cold-rolled materials were then treated by solution heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 1 050 ℃ to 1 150 ℃.  [TJC STEEL]The purpose of solid solution heat treatment is to dissolve the precipitated carbide into austenite again and restore the cold rolled strip structure to recrystallization.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy alloy -4. PNG  
 
The elongation, yield strength and tensile strength of the cold rolled products in the hot rolled and hot rolled heat treatment state [TJC STEEL]are all up to the standard, but the elongation and strength of the cold rolled products in the hot rolled state are slightly lower and slightly higher.  
 
After cold rolling and solid solution treatment, the elongated fibrous structures in cold rolling process are nucleated and[TJC STEEL] recrystallized, and the grains are completely recovered. However, the grains of hot rolling untreated materials are finer.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy alloy -5. PNG  
 
Deposition process of the two solid solution and precipitation process is the same, but not direct cold rolling, heat treatment conditions hot rolling state of isometric into rectangular fibrous tissue, part of the deformation work at the same time in the form of lattice distortion and residual stress are preserved, form the recrystallization driving force, so the hot rolling without heat treatment after cold rolled steel coil easier to solid solution heat treatment;  On the other hand, the grain of hot rolled steel coil will grow up further during solution heat treatment.  Therefore, hot rolled materials without heat treatment are more likely to occur in the solution heat treatment after cold rolling, and the second is that the grain is more refined after heat treatment.  
 
1) Ni-base alloy hot-rolled unheat-treated steel coil can be cold-rolled directly, but the forging resistance is larger than that of hot-treated material.  
 
2) After cold rolling, the grain of untreated hot rolled nickel-based alloy coils can be completely recovered by solution heat treatment, and the grain size is relatively fine.  
 
Under the same conditions, the silicon consumption and lime consumption are almost the same, which can be used as a substitute for the steel and chromium scrap.  
 
3) Red mud ball.  The use of red clay balls in AOD furnace is essentially the same as that in electric furnace. Both of them use Si elements in pig iron and ferrochrome to reduce valuable metals such as Fe, Cr and Ni.  At present, the benefit estimated by AOD small batch test is 1 000 yuan /t. If the furnace entry condition can be optimized and the usage amount can be increased under the condition of excess temperature in the smelting process, the benefit will be further expanded.  
 
4) High nickel steel.  The experimental results and theoretical calculation of using high nickel steel in AOD furnace have a certain influence on silicon consumption and lime consumption. When 3 tons of high nickel steel is used in each furnace, the silicon consumption increases by 0.2 kg/t and the lime consumption increases by 1.0 kg/t, and the total impact cost is 377 yuan/furnace. The profit is better when the difference between scrap steel and slag steel is converted.  
 
5) high chromium steel.  It can completely replace the use of chromium scrap steel, has no obvious effect on the index, and the benefit is significant.  

​Hard alloy is a kind of or several refractory carbide (tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, etc.) powder as the main component, adding as an adhesive metal powder (cobalt, nickel, etc.), by powder metallurgy method and made of alloy.  It is mainly used in the manufacture of high-speed cutting tools and hard and tough material cutting tools, as well as the production of cold work die, measuring tools and high [TJC STEEL]wear-resistant parts that are not affected by impact and vibration.  The hardness, wear resistance and red hardness of high cemented carbides at room temperature hardness up to 86 ~ 93HRA, equivalent to 69 ~ 81HRC.  It can maintain high hardness at 900 ~ 1000℃ and has excellent wear resistance.  Compared with high speed tool steels, the cutting speed can be 4 ~ 7 times higher, the life can be 5 ~ 80 times longer, and the hardness can be cut up to 50HRC hard materials.  
 
When manufacturing cemented carbide, the raw material powder particle size is between 1 to 2 microns, and the purity is very high.  Raw materials according to the provisions of the composition of the proportion of the ingredients, add alcohol or other media in the wet ball mill wet grinding, so that they are fully mixed, crushed, after drying and screening to add wax or glue and other forming agents, and then [TJC STEEL]after drying, sieving the mixture.  Then, the mixture is granulated, pressed, heated to close to the melting point of the bonding metal (1300 ~ 1500℃), the hardening phase and the bonding metal will form eutectic alloy.  
Cemented carbide is also long used in the production of cold drawing die, cold punching die, cold extrusion die, cold pier die and other cold [TJC STEEL]die.  Moulds made of cemented carbide can better withstand impact and have better impact toughness, fracture toughness, fatigue strength, bending strength and wear resistance.  Usually, the cemented carbides used in the production of molds are medium and high cobalt and medium and coarse grain grades, such as YG15C, etc.  
 
Cemented carbide has good corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and high temperature resistance.  Cutting tools made of [TJC STEEL]cemented carbide usually have good resistance to corrosion caused by atmosphere, acid, alkali, etc., are not prone to oxidation, and can remain hard at temperatures of 900 to 1000 degrees.  
 
The linear expansion coefficient of [TJC STEEL]cemented carbide is very small, which leads to its stable shape and size during machining.  

Cold rolling refers to a material processing method in which the material is forged at normal temperature to make the thickness of the material gradually reduce.  The raw material of cold rolling is generally steel coil after heat treatment of[TJC STEEL] hot rolling.  In the process of cold rolling, the metastable austenite structure will undergo strain-induced martensitic transformation, which makes the strength and hardness of the steel increase, and the plasticity decrease, resulting in obvious work hardening.  
 
With the increase of forging passes, the total deformation rate of forging increases, the work hardening effect becomes more and more obvious, and the material becomes more and more hard.  Under the conventional heat treatment, the strength and hardness of the nickel-based superalloy are lower, and the plasticity is better, which is [TJC STEEL]good for forging.  If the superalloy is cold-rolled directly without heat treatment, the cost of material production can be greatly reduced.  The strength of the heat treated and hot rolled superalloys was analyzed, the test rolling process parameters were determined, and the mechanical properties of the test rolled products were compared.  
 
Feasibility analysis of direct cold rolling of superalloy without heat treatment  
 
1.1 Mechanical property analysis  
 
Samples of Hastelloy alloy in hot rolled state and hot rolled state were taken in production site, and the mechanical properties were tested and the results were compared.  Comparing the mechanical properties of the hot-rolled and hot-rolled nickel-based alloys, it can be seen that the average yield strength of the hot-rolled alloys [TJC STEEL]is 80.9 MPa higher, the average tensile strength is 40.7 MPa higher and the elongation is 5.7% lower than that of the hot-rolled alloys.  
 
From the point of view of mechanical properties, the strength of hot rolled nickel-based alloy plate has little difference before and after heat treatment, the hardening process of hot rolled material without heat treatment is a little faster [TJC STEEL]than that of heat treatment, but it is not obvious, and the load of cold rolling equipment has little change.  
 
Metallographic microstructure analysis The hot rolled and hot rolled nickel-based alloys were sampled, polished and corroded with HCl-FeCl3 solution.  It can be seen from the figure that the superalloy grains have completely recovered to [TJC STEEL]recrystallization after heat treatment.  Partial recovery also occurred in untreated superalloys.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy -1. PNG  
 
The dynamic grain recovery and dynamic recrystallization of Hastelloy alloys occur during hot rolling process, which causes the work [TJC STEEL]hardening to be released continuously.  
 
After hot rolling, because the steel coil still has a high temperature and lasts for a certain period of time in the high temperature state, grain recovery and recrystallization will occur in the material in this state, and the elongated grain will nucleate into equiaxed grain, and part of work hardening can be eliminated by [TJC STEEL]eliminating the microstructure and residual stress formed by the elongated grain.  After hot rolling and air cooling, strip steel has similar characteristics to that after heat treatment.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy -2. PNG  
 
Based on the mechanical properties, work hardening and microstructure, it is considered that the current field Ni-base alloy [TJC STEEL]Hastelloy superalloy can be cold-rolled directly without heat treatment.  
 
Cold rolling test for heat treatment of nickel-based alloy high temperature alloy for cold rolling, cold rolling mill roll system, the rigidity of twenty more roller base mill rolling mill, the forging process by adjusting the supporting roller crown and a middle roller axial control plate shape, putting-in-service proactively ACG system control the thickness of the material, appropriate to increase the flow of forging[TJC STEEL] lubricants at the same time,  To improve the cooling effect of the material in the forging process.  
 
 
Fearing **** passes, 6500 kN pressure, 300 kN higher than the pressure of ordinary heat treatment material, but the deformation rate is 2% lower than the ordinary heat treatment material, the subsequent passes, forging pressure is higher than the ordinary heat treatment material, but the deformation rate is low, the same forging total deformation rate, under the condition of the forging force is [TJC STEEL]not greatly improved,  The coil forged directly without heat treatment has one more forging pass than that of the heat-treated coil, which indicates that the deformation resistance of the hot rolled material without heat treatment is greater.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy -3. PNG  
 
The two cold-rolled materials were then treated by solution heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 1 050 ℃ to 1 150 ℃.  [TJC STEEL]The purpose of solid solution heat treatment is to dissolve the precipitated carbide into austenite again and restore the cold rolled strip structure to recrystallization.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy alloy -4. PNG  
 
The elongation, yield strength and tensile strength of the cold rolled products in the hot rolled and hot rolled heat treatment state [TJC STEEL]are all up to the standard, but the elongation and strength of the cold rolled products in the hot rolled state are slightly lower and slightly higher.  
 
After cold rolling and solid solution treatment, the elongated fibrous structures in cold rolling process are nucleated and[TJC STEEL] recrystallized, and the grains are completely recovered. However, the grains of hot rolling untreated materials are finer.  
 
Hot rolled sheet technology of nickel-based alloy Hastelloy alloy -5. PNG  
 
Deposition process of the two solid solution and precipitation process is the same, but not direct cold rolling, heat treatment conditions hot rolling state of isometric into rectangular fibrous tissue, part of the deformation work at the same time in the form of lattice distortion and residual stress are preserved, form the recrystallization driving force, so the hot rolling without heat treatment after cold rolled steel coil easier to solid solution heat treatment;  On the other hand, the grain of hot rolled steel coil will grow up further during solution heat treatment.  Therefore, hot rolled materials without heat treatment are more likely to occur in the solution heat treatment after cold rolling, and the second is that the grain is more refined after heat treatment.  
 
1) Ni-base alloy hot-rolled unheat-treated steel coil can be cold-rolled directly, but the forging resistance is larger than that of hot-treated material.  
 
2) After cold rolling, the grain of untreated hot rolled nickel-based alloy coils can be completely recovered by solution heat treatment, and the grain size is relatively fine.  
 
Under the same conditions, the silicon consumption and lime consumption are almost the same, which can be used as a substitute for the steel and chromium scrap.  
 
3) Red mud ball.  The use of red clay balls in AOD furnace is essentially the same as that in electric furnace. Both of them use Si elements in pig iron and ferrochrome to reduce valuable metals such as Fe, Cr and Ni.  At present, the benefit estimated by AOD small batch test is 1 000 yuan /t. If the furnace entry condition can be optimized and the usage amount can be increased under the condition of excess temperature in the smelting process, the benefit will be further expanded.  
 
4) High nickel steel.  The experimental results and theoretical calculation of using high nickel steel in AOD furnace have a certain influence on silicon consumption and lime consumption. When 3 tons of high nickel steel is used in each furnace, the silicon consumption increases by 0.2 kg/t and the lime consumption increases by 1.0 kg/t, and the total impact cost is 377 yuan/furnace. The profit is better when the difference between scrap steel and slag steel is converted.  
 
5) high chromium steel.  It can completely replace the use of chromium scrap steel, has no obvious effect on the index, and the benefit is significant.  

4Cr3Mo2NiVNB steel code name is HD steel, is a kind of air-cooled hardening martensitic hot work die steel, is based on Sweden Udholm QRO-80 steel, by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology and other units[TJC STEEL] independently developed new hot work die steel.  

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION（%）
C 0.35～0.45 Cr 2.50～3.00
Si ≤0.35 Mo 1.80～2.20
Mn ≤0.40 Ni 0.80～1.20
P ≤0.030 V 1.00～1.40
S ≤0.030 Nb 0.10～0.25

Citical Point  
AC1 =789℃, AC3 =910℃, MS =363℃  
 
Hot Forming
➣ HD Steel Forging Process Specification  
ITEMS STEEL INGOT BILLET
HEATING TEM℃ 1140～1180 1120～1160
FORGING TEM(BEGINNING)℃ 1080～1140 1060～1120
FORGING TEM(END)℃ ≥900 ≥850
COOLING METHOD[TJC STEEL] SAND OR PIT SLOW COOLING SAND OR PIT SLOW COOLING

Preliminary Heat Treatment  
Isothermal annealing of forging material: < 500℃ into furnace with furnace temperature rise, heating temperature 830 ~ 850℃, holding time (H) 1+1min/mm, isothermal temperature 730±10℃, holding time (H) 2+1min/mm, with furnace [TJC STEEL]cold to < 500℃ air cooling (HB≤250).  
 
Quenching Specification  
Quenching temperature is 1130±10℃, oil cold.  
➣ The Relationship Between Quenching Temperature And Hardness And Grain Size Of Hd Steel  
QUCHENING TEM/℃ HARDNESSHRC GRAIN SIZE/CLASS
1050 50.5 --
1100 53.5 11
1130 53.5 10
1160 56.0 8～9
1180 56.0 7～8
1200 56.5 7～8

➣ HD Stee’s Hardness Levels on Different Tempered Tem:
Tempered Tem/℃ HRC
HD Steel 3Cr2W8VSteel
300 52.5 51.0
400 52.0 51.0
500 52.5 51.4
530 53.5 52.3
560 54.0 51.5
590 53.8 51.8
620[TJC STEEL] 51.2 50.0
650 47.0 46.0
700 41.0 34.0

Mechanical Properties（Comparing with 3Cr2W8V Steel）

➣ HD Steel’s Mechanical Property under Different Room Tem:
Heat Treatments 1130℃ Quenching
650℃ Tempering 1130℃ Quenching
700℃ Tempering 
HD 3Cr2W8V HD 3Cr2W8V
σ0.2/MPa 1633 1463 1165 952
ψ（%） 32.4 41.8 45.7 41.9
αk/(J/cm2) 38.8 -- 48.8 --

➣ HD Steel’s Mechanical Property under Different Tem:
Test Tem 650℃ 700℃
HD 3Cr2W8V HD 3Cr2W8V
σ0.2/MPa[TJC STEEL] 536.9 414 405.3 235
ψ（%） 66.1 49.1 69.3 85.4
αk/(J/cm2) 56/54 -- 75/40 62/38

Note: The denominator in αk value is hardness value (HRC).  
 
Performance Characteristics:
On the basis of 4Cr3Mo3V steel, the toughness and thermal stability of 4Cr3Mo2NiVNb (HD) steel at room temperature and high temperature were improved by reducing the content of Mo and V and adding[TJC STEEL] the mass fraction of 1%Ni and 0.15%Nb. The hardness of 4Cr3Mo3V steel at 700℃ could still maintain 40HRC.  Under the same conditions of hardness, HD steel has 50% higher fracture toughness than 3Cr2W8V steel, 70% higher tensile strength at 700℃, 1 times higher cold and hot fatigue resistance and 50% higher hot wear resistance, respectively.  
 
Applications  
HD steel comprehensive performance is good, suitable for making heating temperature about 700 ℃, using strict hot-work mold, such as ferrous and non-ferrous materials of hot extrusion die, such as hot fine[TJC STEEL] forging die, in the steel tube hot extrusion convex die, the bottom of the copper alloy tube extrusion die and punch needle, hot extrusion convex die and concave die bearing ring, valve end of extrusion die and mold USES,  The service life of 3Cr2W8V steel is significantly improved.  

​Based on Inconel718 alloy, GH4169 nickel-based superalloy was designed in China.  GH4169 alloy properties **** The temperature range of GH4169 is -253 °C~650 °C. At this time, not only the strength and plasticity [TJC STEEL]are very high, but also the yield strength and durability are very high. At the same time, the radiation resistance, corrosion resistance and welding performance are also very good.  This makes this alloy since the launch of the beginning, by the attention of all walks of life, its current output can reach the total output of nickel-based high temperature alloy about 50%.  
 
In the application of GH4169 alloy, the application of key components of aeroengine is the main driving force for the development[TJC STEEL] of GH4169 alloy, and the alloy also ensures the stable operation of aeroengine.  
 
An alloy with good properties must be inseparable from its chemical composition and structure, GH4169 alloy is no exception.  Its chemical composition is shown in Table 1. The strengthening phase is mainly γ 'phase and γ "phase, which are Ni3(Al,Ti,Nb) and Ni3Nb phase respectively.  GH4169 alloy generally contains [TJC STEEL]more than a dozen chemical elements, which are located in different positions in the crystal structure of the alloy. Based on these elements, they can be divided into the following three categories:  
The **** type of elements are solid solution strengthening elements, including nickel, iron, chromium, cobalt, tungsten and[TJC STEEL] molybdenum from groups V, VI and VII, which are selected to form the austenite matrix (γ ').  
The second type of elements are precipitation-strengthening elements, including niobium, aluminum, titanium, hafnium and[TJC STEEL] molybdenum from groups III, V, VI, etc., which are distributed into the formation of γ "precipitate phase.  
The third type of elements is interstitial elements, including boron, zirconium and carbon from groups II, III and IV, which tend [TJC STEEL]to segregate at grain boundaries.  
 
For 3D printing and laser cladding processes, the sphericity, oxygen content, fluidity and hollow sphere ratio of the powder have a decisive effect on the performance of the final molded parts.  The spherical degree of GH4169 superalloy powder for 3D printing produced by Guanda Technology is more than 90%, the oxygen content can be kept within 100ppm, and the Hall flow rate is 15.6s, which [TJC STEEL]can meet the requirements of 3D printing process.  
 
GH4169 Powder Particle Size Distribution for 3D Printing  
The microstructure of GH4169 alloy is particularly sensitive to the hot working process. The processor needs to master the phase precipitation and melting law in the alloy and the relationship between the[TJC STEEL] microstructure and the process and the properties, so as to develop a feasible process, so as to produce parts that meet different strength levels and use requirements.  The disk, ring, blade, shaft and shell parts of GH4169 are used in the next generation rocket engine components.  
 
GH4169 nickel-based deformed superalloy  
Chinese brand number: GH4169/GH169, GH169 (GH4169)  
U.S. brand: INCONEL 718/UNS NO7718  
French brand number: NC19FENB  
   
The GH4169 alloy is a nickel-based superalloy precipitated by γ" phase with a body center square and γ" phase with a face center cubic.  It has good comprehensive properties in the temperature range [TJC STEEL]of -253 ~ 700℃, and the yield strength below 650℃ ranks first in the deformation superalloy, and has good fatigue resistance, radiation resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, as well as good processing performance, welding performance and long-term organizational stability. It can manufacture various complex shapes of parts.  It is widely used in aerospace, nuclear energy and petroleum industries in the above temperature range.  
 
Another characteristic of the alloy is that the alloy structure is particularly sensitive to the hot working process, grasp the alloy phase precipitation and dissolution law and the relationship between the structure and process, performance, can be used for different requirements to develop a reasonable and feasible process rules, can be obtained to meet the different strength levels and use [TJC STEEL]requirements of various parts.  The products we supply are forgings, forging bars, rolling bars, cold rolling bars, round cakes, ring pieces, plates, belts, wires, pipes and so on.  It can be made into disk, ring, blade, shaft, fastener, elastic element, plate structure, casing and other parts and components for long-term use in aviation.  
     
Material grade GH4169(GH169)  
1.2 GH4169 was investigated similar brand Inconel 718 (USA), NC19FeNb (France)  
Technical standard for 1.3GH4169 material  
The chemical composition of the alloy can be classified into three categories: standard composition, high quality composition, and high purity composition, as shown in Table 1-1.  High quality components on the basis of standard components to reduce the amount of niobium carbide, reduce the number of fatigue sources and increase the number of strengthening phase, improve the fatigue [TJC STEEL]resistance and material strength.  At the same time reduce harmful impurities and gas content.  High purity components are based on high quality standards to reduce the content of sulfur and harmful impurities, improve the purity and comprehensive properties of materials.  
 
For the GH4169 alloy used in nuclear energy, the boron content shall be controlled (other elements shall remain[TJC STEEL] the same), and the specific content shall be determined by the supply and demand parties through negotiation.  When ω (B) ≤0.002%, to distinguish with the aerospace industry GH4169 alloy, alloy grade for GH4169A.  

​34CrNiMo6 is German standard low alloy high strength[TJC STEEL] steel, German projects are more used, the same steel number in China is 34Cr2Ni2Mo.

Standard:
CHINA GB/T 3077-2015
GB/T 34484.2-2018
GB/T 17107-1997
JB/T 6396-2006 34Cr2Ni2Mo
GERMANY DIN EN 10083-3:2007[TJC STEEL]
DIN 17200:1987 34CrNiMo6
1.6582

Chemical Composition(%)
MATERIAL 34Cr2Ni2Mo 34CrNiMo6
C 0.30~0.38 0.30~0.38
Si 0.17~0.37 ≤0.40
Mn 0.50~0.80 0.50~0.80
P ≤0.030[TJC STEEL] ≤0.025
S ≤0.030 ≤0.035
Cr 1.30~1.70 1.30~1.70
Ni 1.30~1.70 1.30~1.70
Mo 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30

 Mechanical Property（GB/T 3077-2015）
Sample Size（mm） Ø25
Heat Treatment（℃） Quenched(Oil Cooling) 850
Tempered(Water,Oil Cooling) 540
Mechanical Property TSMPa[TJC STEEL] ≥1080
YSMPa ≥930
A% ≥10
Z% ≥50
AKU2/J ≥71
HardnessHBW Annealed or Tempered in High Temperature ≤269

Performance Purpose:
34CrNiMo6 is similar to 42CrMo in performance and has high strength and good toughness. It is used to manufacture important structural [TJC STEEL]parts for high load work, such as wind turbine spindles, high-speed train axles, torsion shafts of armored vehicles, crankshafts and connecting rods for heavy diesel engines, and gears for other heavy duty parts.

20Cr1Mo1VNbTiB China's self-developed low alloy high strength steel, also [TJC STEEL]known as Zhengqi No.1 steel.

Relevant Standards:
GB/T 20410-2006 "high temperature bolts for turbine steel"
DL/T 439-2018 "Technical guidelines for high-temperature fasteners in thermal power plants"
DL/T 715-2015 "Guidelines for Selection [TJC STEEL]of Metal Materials in Thermal Power Plants"

Chemical Composition（%）（GB/T 20410-2006）
C 0.17~0.23 Cr 0.90~1.30
Si 0.40~0.60 Mo 0.75~1.00
Mn 0.40~0.65 V 0.50~0.70
P ≤0.025 Nb 0.11~0.22
S ≤0.025 Ti 0.05~0.14
Ni ≤0.30[TJC STEEL] B 0.001~0.004
Cu ≤0.25

Heat Treatment:
1020~1040℃ Oil Cooling，700~720℃ Tempering for 6h and then air cooling.

Mechanical Property（GB/T 20410-2006）
Sample Size（mm） Ø25
Heat Treatment Quenched（Oil,Water Cooling/℃ 1020~1040
Tempered（Air Cooling）/℃ 690~730
Mechanical Property TS Rm/MPa[TJC STEEL] ≥785
YS Rp0.2/MPa ≥670
A/% ≥14
Z/% ≥50
AKU2/J ≥39
Hardness HBW 10/3000 255~305

  Property:
1.Good high temperature performance, high durable strength and plasticity, good anti-relaxation performance, small thermal brittle tendency, low notch sensitivity.
2.Heat treatment is more [TJC STEEL]sensitive, such as improper thermal processing control, easy to appear naked eye coarse grain, so there are strict grain size acceptance standards for different design grades.
The highest operating temperature is 570℃.

Application:
20Cr1Mo1VNbTiB bainite [TJC STEEL]heat resistant steel has excellent comprehensive properties and is mainly used as high temperature bolts in thermal power plants below 570℃. It is widely used in large and medium-sized units in thermal power plants.

​SCM420 alloy structure steel has high hardenability, no tempering brittleness, good weldability, little tendency to form cold[TJC STEEL] crack, good machinability and cold strain plasticity.
 
Corresponding to Domestic Grade Name: 20CrMo
Corresponding to Germany Grade Name: 25 crmo4 (1.7218)
Executive Standard:[TJC STEEL] JIS G4053-2003
Features and Scope of Application:
SCM420 is generally used under the condition of quenching and tempering or carburizing. It is used to manufacture high-pressure pipes and various fasteners and advanced carburizing parts, such as gears and shafts, which work in non-corrosive media and medium with nitrogen and hydrogen mixture at [TJC STEEL]working temperature below 250℃.
SCM420 Alloy Structural Steel
Chemical Composition (unit %) :
C: 0.18 ~ 0.23
Si: 0.15 ~ 0.35
Mn: 0.60 ~ 0.90
S: allowable residual content ≤0.030
P: allowable residual content ≤0.030
Cr: 0.90 ~ 1.20
Ni: allowable residual content ≤0.25
Cu: allowable residual content ≤0.30
Mo: 0.15 ~ 0.25
Mechanical Properties (Tempering and Tempering State) :
Tensile Strength σb (MPa) : ≥885(90)
Yield Strength σs (MPa) : ≥685(70)
Elongation Δ5 (%) : ≥12
Section [TJC STEEL]Shrinkage ψ(%) : ≥50
Impact Work AKV (J) : ≥78
Impact Toughness Value α kV (J/ Cm&SUP 2;)A: 98 (10) or
Hardness: 197 hb or less
 
Heat Treatment Specification and Metallographic Structure:
Heat Treatment [TJC STEEL]Specification: Quenching 880℃, water cooling, oil cooling;Tempering 500℃, water cooling, oil cooling.
Delivery Status: Delivered under heat treatment (normalizing, annealing or high temperature tempering) or without heat treatment. The delivery status shall be specified in the contract.

SCM440 is a kind of steel commonly used in the production of high strength fasteners. The product has the advantages of stable composition, low harmful elements, high purity of steel, small decarburization layer, [TJC STEEL]few surface defects and so on. It is easy to make spidizing annealing, low cold heading cracking rate, stable heat treatment quality and uniform hardness, and is widely used in engine, mold and other industries.
Material Name: Alloy Structural Steel
Brand number: SCM440(Japanese brand, see standard JIS G4053-2008
 
Application:
It belongs to medium hardenability steel. After heat treatment, it has good strength, good comprehensive [TJC STEEL]mechanical properties, good technability and high yield of finished products.The highest operating temperature is 427℃.Can be used as steam turbine fasteners.
Characteristics and application
1.Good quenching [TJC STEEL]property, can be deep quenching, rather than the market anti-saw lock surface quenching
2.Less tendency to temper brittleness
3.Good high temperature processing, beautiful after processing
4.Good welding
5.The absorption performance of the impact is good, the hammer hit it will have a sense of rebound, unable to carry out violent destruction advantages:
(1) Good processability
(2). Good shock [TJC STEEL]absorption performance
(3). Welding is easy
Chemical Composition
C: 0.38 to 0.43
Si: 0.15 to 0.35
Mn: 0.60 to 0.85
P: 0.03 or less
S: 0.03 or less
Cu: 0.30 or less
Ni: 0.25 or less
Cr: 0.90 to 1.20
Mo: 0.15 to 0.30
Ni: 0.25 or less
Cu: 0.30 or less
 
Mechanical Properties of SCM440:
Tensile strength [TJC STEEL]σb (MPa) : ≥1080(110) Yield strength σs (MPa) : ≥930(95)
Elongation Δ5 (%) : ≥12
Section shrinkage ψ(%) : ≥45
Impact work AKV (J) : ≥63
Impact toughness value α kV (J/ Cm&SUP 2;)A: 78 (8) or
Hardness: 217 HB or less
 

40CrNi2Mo, also known as 4340 steel, is a kind of low alloy ultra-high strength steel.Only steels with tensile strength greater than [TJC STEEL]1400MPa and yield strength greater than 1200MPa at room temperature are termed "ultra-high strength steels".4340 steel is a typical ultra high strength steel, which is obtained by heat treatment.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 3077-2015 40CrNi2Mo，A50400
GB/T 34484.2-2018 40CrNi2Mo
GB/T 38809-2020 40CrNi2MoA
GB/T 5216-2014 40CrNi2MoH
USA ASTM A29-2005[TJC STEEL]
ASTM A322-2007 4340，G43400
JAPAN JIS G4053-2003 SNCM439
GERMANY DIN EN 10263-4:2002 41NiCrMo7-3-2，1.6563

Chemical Composition(%):
Grade A50400 4340 SNCM439 1.6563
C 0.38~0.43 0.38~0.43 0.36~0.43 0.38~0.44
Si 0.17~0.37 0.15~0.35 0.15~0.35 ≤0.30
Mn 0.60~0.80 0.60~0.80 0.60~0.90 0.60~0.90
P ≤0.030 ≤0.035 ≤0.030 ≤0.025
S ≤0.030 ≤0.040 ≤0.030 ≤0.025
Cr 0.70~0.90[TJC STEEL] 0.70~0.90 0.60~1.00 0.70~0.90
Ni 1.65~2.00 1.65~2.00 1.60~2.00 1.65~2.00
Mo 0.20~0.30 0.20~0.30 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30
Cu ≤0.30 ≤0.35 ≤0.30 ≤0.25

Mechanical Property:  
QUENCHED FIRST TIME NORMALIZED AT 890℃，OIL QUENCHING
SECOND TIME 850℃，OIL QUENCHING
TEMPERED(AIR COOLING) 560~580℃ 220℃ TWICE OIL QUENCHING
TENSILE STRENGTH MPa ≥1050 ≥1790
YIELD STRENGTH MPa ≥980 ≥1500
ELONGATION % ≥12 ≥6
REDUCTION OF AREA %[TJC STEEL] ≥45 ≥25
IMPACT TESTJ ≥48 --
TEMPERED HARDNESS ≤269HBW

Performance Applications:
4340 steel after heat treatment, not only obtain ultra-high strength, but also have good plastic toughness, excellent fatigue performance, fracture toughness and stress corrosion resistance, good comprehensive mechanical [TJC STEEL]properties, so that it is often used in the industry as a tempering steel to manufacture bearings, gears and crankshafts, and in the aircraft structure has been widely used.Such as aircraft landing gear, helicopter rotor shaft and turbojet turbine shaft and other moving parts.

9Cr18Mo, also known as the American standard 440C martensitic stainless steel, is added to Mo on the basis of 9Cr18 steel, steel composition [TJC STEEL]is characterized by high carbon and high chromium.

  Standards:
CHINA GB/T 1220-1992 9Cr18Mo
GB/T 1220-2007 102Cr17Mo，S45990
USA ASTM A276-2006 440C，S44004
JAPAN JIS G4303:2005[TJC STEEL] SUS 440C
GERMANY DIN EN 10088-1:2005 X105CrMo17，1.4125

  Chemical Composition(%):
GRADE 9Cr18Mo 440C SUS 440C 1.4125
C 0.95~1.10 0.95~1.20 0.95~1.20 0.95~1.20
Si ≤0.80 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00
Mn ≤0.80 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00
P ≤0.035 ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.040
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 16.0~18.0 16.0~18.0 16.0~18.0 16.0~18.0
Ni （≤0.60）[TJC STEEL] -- （≤0.60） --
Mo 0.40~0.70 ≤0.75 (≤0.75) 0.40~0.80

 Heat Treatment:
➣ Annealing: Heating to 850~870℃, holding 4~6h, 30℃/h cooling to 600℃, air cooling, hardness ≤255HBS;
➣ recrystallization annealing: heating to 730~750℃, air cooling;
➣ Quenching: Heating to 1050~1100℃, oil cooling;
➣ Tempering: Heating to 150~160℃, [TJC STEEL]holding for 2~5h, air cooling, hardness ≥58HRC.

Performance Characteristics
The quenching has high hardness and high wear resistance;
② It has excellent corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, water and some acid and salt aqueous solutions;
(3) Good high temperature [TJC STEEL]dimensional stability, the use of temperature does not exceed 250℃;
(4) tempering: heating to 150~160℃, heat preservation 2~5h, air cooling, hardness ≥58HRC.

Applications:
9Cr18Mo is suitable for the manufacture of bearings, bushings, and other parts or die parts that are both wear-resistant and [TJC STEEL]corrosion-resistant in corrosive environment and non-lubricating strong oxidation atmosphere.

Pure copper appearance is purplish red, commonly known as "red copper", "red copper" or "red copper".Pure copper conducts electricity very well, [TJC STEEL]ranking second only to silver among all metals, so it is used very widely in industry.T2 is a typical grade of pure copper, usually referring to red copper, or T2 unless otherwise specified.

STANDARDS:
CHINA GB/T 5231-2012
GB/T 2529-2012 T2，T11050
USA ASTM B187-2006 C11000
JAPAN JIS H3100:2006
JIS H3140:2006[TJC STEEL]
JIS H3250:2006 C1100
GERMANY DIN 1787:1973 E-Cu58，2.0065
DIN CEN/TS 13388:2008 Cu-ETP，CW004A

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%):
GRADE T2 C11000 C1100 CW004A
Cu ≥99.90 ≥99.90 ≥99.90 ≥99.90
Ag -- ≤0.03
Bi ≤0.001 -- -- ≤0.0005
Sb ≤0.002 -- -- --
As ≤0.002 -- -- --
Fe ≤0.005 -- -- --
Pb ≤0.005[TJC STEEL] -- -- ≤0.005
S ≤0.005 -- -- --
O -- -- -- ≤0.040

 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good ductility, deep drawing performance, corrosion resistance and atmospheric corrosion performance, can be welded and brazed.
2. Trace amount of oxygen is easy [TJC STEEL]to cause "hydrogen embrittlement", not suitable for processing and use in high temperature (such as BBB 0 370℃) reducing atmosphere.

APPLICATIONS:
T2 has the advantages of electric conduction and heat conduction of pure copper, and is widely used, such as wire and cable, sealing [TJC STEEL]gasket, hardware, mold electrode, etc.

​SUS304J1 is Japanese JIS standard section nickel stainless steel, there is no comparison in China.304J1 is a kind of steel with reduced nickel and copper on the basis of grade 304.The addition of copper reduces the deformation [TJC STEEL]resistance of the material, so the steel has good performance of deep drawing.

Component Specification
STANDARDS JIS G 4304-2005
GRADE SUS304J1 SUS304
C ≤0.08 ≤0.08
Si ≤1.70 ≤1.00
Mn ≤3.00 ≤2.00[TJC STEEL]
P ≤0.045 ≤0.045
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Ni 6.00~9.00 8.00~10.50
Cr 15.00~18.00 18.00~20.00
Cu 1.00~3.00 --

The performance characteristics of：
(1) More excellent forming [TJC STEEL]performance than 304 steel, suitable for complex forming and deep processing.
(2) Good aging cracking resistance.
(3) The corrosion resistance is basically equal to that of 304.
(4) Excellent welding performance.
(5) Cold rolled product surface gloss is good, beautiful.
(6) Excellent antibacterial performance, suitable for the occasion of strict hygiene requirements.
(7) The solution state is not magnetic, after cold processing will be slightly magnetic.

Applications：
304 j1 as section 304 of the nickel steel grade, the performance is close to 304, at the same time have a lower cost and[TJC STEEL] forming ability is more outstanding advantages, so it is relatively low-end USES a good substitute for 304, its wide application in the field of daily life, such as vacuum flask, lunch box, stove, sink, collective to provide facilities, kitchen burning gas, and other household items, etc.

T10 / T10A is a carbon tool steel with an average carbon content of 1%.[TJC STEEL]

Standards
GB/T  1298-2008 《tool carbon steel》
GB/T  1299-2014[TJC STEEL] 《tool and mould steel》

Component Specification
GRADE T10 T10A
C 0.95~1.04 0.95~1.04
Si ≤0.35 ≤0.35
Mn ≤0.40 ≤0.40
P ≤0.035[TJC STEEL] ≤0.030
S ≤0.030 ≤0.020

Critical Point
critical point Ac1 Acm Ar1
T (approximation)/℃ 730 800 700

Coefficient Of Linear Expansion
T℃ coefficient of linear expansion α/×10-6℃
20~100 11.5
20~200 13.0
20~300 14.3
20~400 14.8
20~500 15.1
20~600 16.0
20~700 15.8
20~800 32.1
20~900 32.4[TJC STEEL]

 Heat Conductivity
T℃ heat conductivityλ/W·(m·k)-1
20 40.20
100 43.96
300 41.03
600 38.10
900 33.91
Hardness
state hardness
 anneal ≤197HBW
hardening heat：760~780℃ ≥62HRC
Coolant: water

Applications：
When quenching and heating (up to 800℃), the fine grain structure of T10 steel can still be maintained.Have not dissolve excess of carbide in steel after quenching and so is of T8 steel with high abrasion resistance, suitable [TJC STEEL]for cutting edge at work the same hot tools, such as processing wood cutter, hand cross cut saw, sawing machine, hand joinery with fine woodworking saws, twist drill, wire drawing die, die, cold heading die, small size of uniform cold trimming and piercing die and low precision in the shape of a simple card board, fitter scraper, file, etc.

​1RK91 is a super high strength and toughness super martensitic stainless steel developed by Sandvik in Sweden in the early 1990s.The UNS number of 1RK91 is S46910, according to the Chinese naming method, it is [TJC STEEL]02Cr12Ni9Mo4Cu2TiAl.

Component Specification
STANDARD Sandvik ASTM A959-2009
GRADE 1RK91 S46910
C ≤0.02 ≤0.03
Si ≤0.50 ≤0.70
Mn ≤0.50 ≤1.00
P ≤0.020 ≤0.030
S[TJC STEEL] ≤0.005 ≤0.015
Cr 12 11.0~13.0
Ni 9 8.0~10.0
Mo 4 3.5~5.0
Cu 2 1.5~3.5
Ti 0.9 0.50~1.20
Al 0.4 0.15~0.50

Alloy Principle
Different from the traditional idea that alloy carbide or nitrite is the main strengthening phase to make steel reach high strength, 1RK91 steel takes Fe-Cr-Ni as matrix, Cu, Mo, Ti and Al as strengthening elements, [TJC STEEL]and controls C to less than 0.02%.Firstly, the alloying elements are fully dissolved into the matrix through solid solution treatment, and then rapidly cooled to obtain supersaturated lamellar martensite structure of alloying elements.After aging treatment, precipitation hardening phase mainly composed of intermetallic compounds precipitates from martensite matrix, and at the same time, part of martensite is reversed to form reversed austenite.
In 1RK91 steel, intermetallic compound is used as strengthening phase and reversed austenite is used as toughening phase, so that the steel can obtain the best combination of strength and toughness. As an element that has harmful effect on strength and toughness, C is included in the list of controlled existence. [TJC STEEL]The development of this steel is regarded as a breakthrough of ultra-high strength steel in both theory and practice.

The Performance Characteristics:
(1)Excellent mechanical properties, can achieve very high tensile strength and hardness level.
(2) Corrosion resistance equivalent to 304L or 316L under corresponding conditions.
(3)Maintains mechanical [TJC STEEL]properties at temperatures up to at least 400°C.
(4) very good relaxation performance.
(5)Good weldability.

Applications：
After solid solution at about 1000℃, 1RK91 steel can be cold-processed into metallurgical products such as bars, plates, steel wires and steel strips. After aging treatment at 450 ~ 475℃, 1RK91 steel still has good plasticity and excellent fracture toughness under high strength condition of 3000MPa.At the same time also has excellent cold processing performance and welding performance, good corrosion resistance and anti aging performance.
Sandvik also conducted a Vitro (cytotoxicity) test to verify that 1RK91 steel does not have any potential cytotoxicity and is [TJC STEEL]therefore safe to come into contact with human tissue, body fluids or blood, meeting all relevant allergy and skin irritation testing standards.
1RK91 is used to manufacture parts and instruments used in a variety of complex conditions, such as electric razor mesh blades, medical suture needles, surgical blades, drillers, scissors, files, clamps, punches, guides and other surgical and medical instruments.